PANDA polarization maintaining (PM) fibers for tight bend applications are presented that can satisfy both optical and mechanical characteristics. Optical optimization of conventional-cladding structures and trench-cladding structures is discussed regarding effective cutoff wavelength under short-length and tight bend conditions. Both trench-cladding PM fiber and conventional PM fiber with 80 μm cladding diameter had similar effective cutoff wavelengths for lengths of 0.5 m. Bending loss at 2 mm radius was less than 0.1 dB/turn at 1550 nm. Additionally, improved mechanical reliability by incorporating a reinforcing outer glass layer is demonstrated on PM fiber for the first time.
A multicore fiber (MCF)-based mode multiplexer/demultiplexer (MUX/DEMUX) that can overcome the alignment issue of the fiber-based mode MUX/DEMUX is proposed. Design concept and fabrication results of the MCF-based mode MUX/DEMUX for two-spatial-mode operation (LP01 and LP11) (2M-MUX/DEMUX) and for three-spatial-mode operation (LP01, LP11a, and LP11b) (3M-MUX/DEMUX) are presented. The fabricated 2M-MUX/DEMUXes for C-band or L-band, using the same MCF with different elongation ratios demonstrate a coupling efficiency of greater than 90% over each band. Finally, a 3M-MUX/DEMUX with a fan-in/fan-out device is presented. The selective excitation of LP01, LP11a, and LP11b modes depending on input ports is experimentally demonstrated.
Multi-core to 7 single-core-fibers fan-out device with multi-core fiber pigtail connector is demonstrated to apply various types of multi-core fiber based sensor. Fused taper type fan-out device and SC type multi-core fiber connector are separately fabricated on each process. The fan-out device and the pigtail multi-core fiber are spliced each other by a specialty fiber fusion splicer. Comparatively low average insertion loss of 0.95 dB and sufficiently low reflectivity of less than -60 dB are achieved.
We describe a novel all-optical hybrid mode-division multiplexing (MDM) -optical code division multiplexing (OCDM) architecture for future flexible access network. We successfully demonstrate, for the first time, an asynchronous on-off keying (OOK) modulation, 2 mode x 4 code x 10 Gbps transmission over 2km two mode fiber (TMF), without dispersion compensation at single wavelength, by using 16-chip (200 Gchip/s), 16-phase-shift keyed (PSK) optical codes (OC) generated by a multiport encoder/decoder (E/D) and an optical mode multiplexer/demultiplexer (MMUX/MDeMUX). We also analytically and experimentally evaluate the mode crosstalk tolerance as a function of the LP01 and LP11 modes.
A multicore Er3+-doped fiber amplifier (MC-EDFA) can be realized by using an amplification medium such as bundled or multi-element Er3+-doped fiber (EDF) and multicore EDF, and employing a discrete pumping or cladding pumping method. In this paper, we report three recently developed MC-EDFAs, which represent all the amplification forms realizable using the amplification medium and pumping method. We also report the importance of an MC-EDFA for constructing a practical long-haul multicore fiber transmission system based on the facts of the progress made on the transmission experiments, and describe further progress on the MC-EDFA.
We propose two mode optical fibers (TMFs) with minimally low differential modal delay (DMD) slope which are suitable to compensate DMD in wide wavelength range. All fabricated TMFs composed of a graded index core and a depressed inner claddings have low DMD slopes of less than |0.15| ps/km/nm, low optical loss of less than 0.21 dB/km for LP01 and LP11 modes respectively and low mode coupling ratio of less than -35 dB at the wavelength of 1550 nm. All TMFs have the similar effective area of 120 μm2 for LP01 mode and 160 μm2 for LP11 mode at 1550 nm. Moreover, it is clarified that a DMD compensation transmission line composed of the fabricated TMFs can successfully achieve the DMD of below |4.0| ps/km in the C+L band and mode conversion ratio of less than -30 dB at splice points.
The characteristics of a multicore fiber with one-ring structure are reviewed. The one-ring structure, which has no center
core, can overcome issues on the hexagonal close-pack structure that is the most popular multicore structure. The onering
structure has flexibility in the number of cores and is unrelated to the core pitch limitation due to cutoff wavelength
lengthening thank to no center core structure. The one-ring structure is effective to suppress the worst case crosstalk that
is crosstalk assuming all cores carry equal signal power. In the case of hexagonal close-pack structure, the worst case
crosstalk of an inner core is 7.8 dB larger than that between two cores. The different worst crosstalk is observed
depending on the number of nearest neighbor cores. The one-ring structure can limit the degradation to 3.0 dB for all
cores. Fabricated 12-core fiber with the one-ring structure based on the simulation realized effective core area of 80 m2
and very low crosstalk less than -40 dB after 100-km propagation.
The limitations of crosstalk and core-to-core distance in step-index multi-core fibers (SI-MCFs) are clarified for long-haul
transmission, and the low-crosstalk MCF structures of trench-assisted MCFs (TA-MCFs) are investigated for
realizing large effective area (Aeff) and high core density, simultaneously, with a limited cladding diameter. It is shown
that the crosstalk between neighboring cores in TA-MCFs can be greatly suppressed even if the Aeff and the cutoff
wavelength are fixed compared with SI-MCFs. In addition, the possibility of MCFs with heterogeneous core
arrangement is considered for transmission fibers and low-crosstalk heterogeneous MCFs with bending radius
insensitive characteristics are investigated.
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