A radiation hard image sensor HAS2 was chosen for the Juice Monitoring Camera, an important instrument to monitor the status of the JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) spacecraft and to take wide-angle images of the Jovian system. To improve the perception, a radiation-hardened, non-organic color filter array (CFA) was deposited on the sensor silicon, with four colors: red, green, blue, and yellow. In this paper we present the results of the radiation tests on these customized image sensors. First, results on the total ionizing dose (TID) test up to 57 krad confirm that both the image sensor and the deposited CFA are resistant to gamma radiation in the measured range. Also, single event effects (SEE) measurements up to LET of 100 MeV·cm2/mg were performed. Three types of events were considered: single event latch-up (SEL), single event upset (SEU), and finally single event functional interruption (SEFI). Since only one SEL was registered on one of the samples at 62.5 MeV·cm2/mg there was no further analysis on this event. Based on the experimental results, the cross sections have been calculated for SEU and SEFI. These results were used as input for the SEE analysis with the CRÈME96 software. The rates of about 10-4 and 10-5 events/device/day were obtained for SEU and SEFI for quiet environment, respectively.
We present in this paper an evaluation of an innovative image sensor that provides color information without the need of organic filters. The sensor is a CMOS array with more than 4 millions pixels which filters the incident photons into R, G, and B channels, delivering the full resolution in color. Such a sensor, combining high performance with low power consumption, is of high interest for future space missions. The paper presents the characteristics of the detector as well as the first results of environmental testing.
First mission of the Aurora Exploration Programme of ESA, ExoMars will demonstrate key flight and in situ enabling technologies, and will pursue fundamental scientific investigations. Planned for launch in 2013, ExoMars will send a robotic rover to the surface of Mars.
The Close-UP Imager (CLUPI) instrument is part of the Pasteur Payload of the rover fixed on the robotic arm. It is a robotic replacement of one of the most useful instruments of the field geologist: the hand lens. Imaging of surfaces of rocks, soils and wind drift deposits at high resolution is crucial for the understanding of the geological context of any site where the Pasteur rover may be active on Mars. At the resolution provided by CLUPI (approx. 15 micrometer/pixel), rocks show a plethora of surface and internal structures, to name just a few: crystals in igneous rocks, sedimentary structures such as bedding, fracture mineralization, secondary minerals, details of the surface morphology, sedimentary bedding, sediment components, surface marks in sediments, soil particles. It is conceivable that even textures resulting from ancient biological activity can be visualized, such as fine lamination due to microbial mats (stromatolites) and textures resulting from colonies of filamentous microbes, potentially present in sediments and in palaeocavitites in any rock type.
CLUPI is a complete imaging system, consisting of an APS (Active Pixel Sensor) camera with 27° FOV optics. The sensor is sensitive to light between 400 and 900 nm with 12 bits digitization. The fixed focus optics provides well focused images of 4 cm x 2.4 cm rock area at a distance of about 10 cm. This challenging camera system, less than 200g, is an independent scientific instrument linked to the rover on board computer via a SpaceWire interface. After the science goals and specifications presentation, the development of this complex high performance miniaturized imaging system will be described.
The digital space micro-cameras are compact and lightweight units able to operate in harsh environmental conditions
(low temperature, vacuum, resistance to vibrations and shocks) while combining high performances (high resolution,
high data rate, standard interface, internal memory) and low power consumption. We present the concept that has been
used in several missions from the European Space Agency and the perspectives offered by these miniaturized systems
for space applications.
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