Dr. Stephen Z. Pinter Profile

Dr. Stephen Z. Pinter

at Robarts Research Institute

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Proceedings Article | 14 March 2009 Paper

Understanding quantification of microvascularity with high-frequency power Doppler ultrasound

Stephen Pinter, James Lacefield

Proceedings Volume 7265, 72650U (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.811177

KEYWORDS: Doppler effect, In vivo imaging, Transducers, Ultrasonography, Testis, Image filtering, Receivers, Optical filters, Blood circulation, Blood vessels

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High-frequency power Doppler imaging of angiogenesis can be challenging given the presence of small blood vessels and slow flow velocities. In the presence of substantial Doppler artifacts such as false-positive color pixels or undetected vessels, color pixel density (CPD) and related vascularity metrics do not provide accurate estimates of vascular volume fraction. As a step towards improved microvascular quantification, flow-phantom experiments were performed to establish relationships between CPD and wall filter cut-off velocity for various combinations of vessel size (160, 200, 250, 300, and 360 μm), flow velocity (4, 3, 2, 1, and 0.5 mm/s), and transducer frequency (30 and 40 MHz). Three distinct regions were observed in plots of CPD versus wall filter cut-off velocity: overestimation of CPD at low cut-offs, underestimation of CPD at high cut-offs, and a plateau at intermediate cut-offs. The CPD at the plateau closely matched the phantom's actual vascular volume fraction. The length of the plateau corresponded with the flow-detection performance of the Doppler system, which was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Color pixel density versus wall filter cut-off curves from analogous in vivo experiments exhibited the same shape, including a distinct CPD plateau. The similar shape of the flow-phantom and in vivo curves suggests that the presence of a plateau can be used to identify the best-estimate CPD value in an in vivo experiment. The ability to identify the best CPD estimate is expected to improve quantification of angiogenesis and anti-angiogenic treatment responses with power Doppler.

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