Prof. Steven E. Boggs Profile

Prof. Steven E. Boggs

at Univ of California, San Diego

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (42)

Proceedings Article | 4 October 2024 Open Access

The Compton Spectrometer and Imager: mission overview and germanium detector developments

Steven Boggs

Proceedings Volume PC13151, PC1315101 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3032292

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Proceedings Article | 10 July 2018 Presentation

The high-energy x-ray probe (HEX-P) (Conference Presentation)

Fiona Harrison, Kristin Madsen, Brian Grefenstette, Daniel Stern, Ann Hornschemeier, Steven Boggs, Niel Brandt, Laura Brenneman, Deepto Chakrabarty, Finn Christensen, William Craig, Andrew Fabian, Martin Elvis, Jonathan Grindlay, Charles Hailey, Allan Hornstrup, Victoria Kaspi, Grzegorz Madejski, Giorgio Matt, Jon Miller, Hiromasa Miyasaka, Silvano Molendi, William Zhang, John Tomsick, Mihoko Yukita

Proceedings Volume 10699, 106992B (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313836

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Spatial resolution, Active galactic nuclei, Binary data

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Proceedings Article | 6 July 2018 Presentation + Paper

The polarimetric performance of the Compton Spectrometer and Imager (COSI)

C.-Y. Yang, A. Lowell, A. Zoglauer, J. Tomsick, J.-L. Chiu, C. Kierans, C. Sleator, S. Boggs, H.-K. Chang, P. Jean, S. McBride, B. Mochizuki , M. Amman, P. von Ballmoos, Y.-C. Chang, C.-Y. Chu, H.-H. Liang, C.-H. Lin

Proceedings Volume 10699, 106992K (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312556

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Polarimetry, Spectroscopy, Imaging systems, Gamma radiation, Scattering, Modulation, Device simulation, Telescopes, Compton scattering

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Proceedings Article | 1 August 2016 Paper

Positional calibrations of the germanium double-sided strip detectors for the Compton spectrometer and imager

A. Lowell, S. Boggs, J. L. Chiu, C. Kierans, S. McBride, C. H. Tseng, A. Zoglauer, M. Amman, H. K. Chang, P. Jean, C. H. Lin, C. Sleator, J. Tomsick, P. von Ballmoos, C. Y. Yang

Proceedings Volume 9915, 99152H (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233145

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Telescopes, Calibration, Germanium, Imaging systems, Spectroscopy, Monte Carlo methods, Spatial resolution, Gamma radiation, Compton scattering

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Proceedings Article | 18 July 2016 Paper

In-depth calibration of a Laue lens prototype composed of Fe and Al mosaic crystals

Colin Wade, Nicolas Barrière, John Tomsick, Lorraine Hanlon, Steven Boggs, Nicolai Brejnholt, Sonny Massahi, Peter Von Ballmoos

Proceedings Volume 9905, 99056P (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2234690

KEYWORDS: Gamma radiation, Multilayers, Photons, Sensors, Polymethylmethacrylate, Polarimetry, Polymers, Solar concentrators, Collimators, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 18 July 2016 Open Access

First flight of the Gamma-Ray Imager/Polarimeter for Solar flares (GRIPS) instrument

Nicole Duncan, P. Saint-Hilaire, A. Shih, G. Hurford, H. Bain, M. Amman, B. Mochizuki, J. Hoberman, J. Olson, B. Maruca, N. Godbole, D. Smith, J. Sample, N. Kelley, A. Zoglauer, A. Caspi, P. Kaufmann, S. Boggs, R. Lin

Proceedings Volume 9905, 99052Q (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233859

KEYWORDS: Gamma radiation, Solar energy, Imaging spectroscopy, Imaging systems, Sensors, Sun, Calibration, Ions, Spectroscopy, Photons

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The Gamma-Ray Imager/Polarimeter for Solar flares (GRIPS) instrument is a balloon-borne telescope designed to study solar- are particle acceleration and transport. We describe GRIPS's first Antarctic long-duration flight in January 2016 and report preliminary calibration and science results. Electron and ion dynamics, particle abundances and the ambient plasma conditions in solar flares can be understood by examining hard X-ray (HXR) and gamma-ray emission (20 keV to 10 MeV). Enhanced imaging, spectroscopy and polarimetry of are emissions in this energy range are needed to study particle acceleration and transport questions. The GRIPS instrument is specifically designed to answer questions including: What causes the spatial separation between energetic electrons producing hard X-rays and energetic ions producing gamma-ray lines? How anisotropic are the relativistic electrons, and why can they dominate in the corona? How do the compositions of accelerated and ambient material vary with space and time, and why? GRIPS's key technological improvements over the current solar state of the art at HXR/gamma-ray energies, the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI), include 3D position-sensitive germanium detectors (3D-GeDs) and a single-grid modulation collimator, the multi-pitch rotating modulator (MPRM). The 3D-GeDs have spectral FWHM resolution of a few hundred keV and spatial resolution <1 mm³. For photons that Compton scatter, usually ⪆150 keV, the energy deposition sites can be tracked, providing polarization measurements as well as enhanced background reduction through Compton imaging. Each of GRIPS's detectors has 298 electrode strips read out with ASIC/FPGA electronics. In GRIPS's energy range, indirect imaging methods provide higher resolution than focusing optics or Compton imaging techniques. The MPRM gridimaging system has a single-grid design which provides twice the throughput of a bi-grid imaging system like RHESSI. The grid is composed of 2.5 cm deep tungsten-copper slats, and quasi-continuous FWHM angular coverage from 12.5-162 arcsecs are achieved by varying the slit pitch between 1-13 mm. This angular resolution is capable of imaging the separate magnetic loop footpoint emissions in a variety of are sizes. In comparison, RHESSI's 35-arcsec resolution at similar energies makes the footpoints resolvable in only the largest ares.

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Proceedings Article | 4 September 2015 Paper

Rapid and accurate assembly method for a new Laue lens prototype

Colin Wade, Nicolas Barrière, Lorraine Hanlon, Steven Boggs, Nicolai Brejnholt, Sonny Massahi, John Tomsick, Peter von Ballmoos

Proceedings Volume 9603, 960309 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2187029

KEYWORDS: Crystals, Laser crystals, Iron, Prototyping, Aluminum, Ultraviolet radiation, Sensors, X-rays, Photons, Mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

All-sky Compton imager

Peter von Ballmoos, Steven Boggs, Pierre Jean, Andreas Zoglauer

Proceedings Volume 9144, 91440H (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057535

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Gamma radiation, Telescopes, Space operations, Space telescopes, Imaging systems, Photons, Signal detection, Germanium, Spectral resolution

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

The nuclear spectroscopic telescope array (NuSTAR) high-energy X-ray mission

Kristin Madsen, Fiona Harrison, Hongjun An, Steven Boggs, Finn Christensen, Rick Cook, William Craig, Karl Forster, Felix Fuerst, Brian Grefenstette, Charles Hailey, Takao Kitaguchi, Craig Markwardt, Peter Mao, Hiromasa Miyasaka, Vikram Rana, Daniel Stern, William Zhang, Andreas Zoglauer, Dominic Walton, Niels Westergaard

Proceedings Volume 9144, 91441P (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2056643

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Stars, X-ray telescopes, Space telescopes, Iron, Data modeling, Calibration, Galactic astronomy, Electroluminescent displays, Magnetism

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

In-flight PSF calibration of the NuSTAR hard X-ray optics

Hongjun An, Kristin Madsen, Niels J. Westergaard, Steven Boggs, Finn Christensen, William Craig, Charles Hailey, Fiona Harrison, Daniel Stern, William Zhang

Proceedings Volume 9144, 91441Q (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055481

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, X-ray optics, Calibration, Hard x-rays, Thermography, Mirrors, Data modeling, Convolution, Space telescopes, X-rays

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

Calibration of the Compton Spectrometer and Imager in preparation for the 2014 balloon campaign

C. Kierans, S. Boggs, A. Lowell, J. Tomsick, A. Zoglauer, M. Amman, J.-L. Chiu, H.-K. Chang, C.-H. Lin, P. Jean, P. von Ballmoos, C.-Y. Yang, J.-R. Shang, C.-H. Tseng, Y. Chou, Y.-H. Chang

Proceedings Volume 9144, 91443M (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055250

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Polarization, Telescopes, Photons, Device simulation, Spatial resolution, Gamma radiation, Germanium, Electronics

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Proceedings Article | 26 September 2013 Paper

LAUE lens development at UC Berkeley: status and prospects

Nicolas Barrière, John Tomsick, Marcelo Ackermann, Pierre Bastie, Steven Boggs, Lorraine Hanlon, Michael Jentschel, Alexander Lowell, Gilles Roudil, Peter von Ballmoos, Colin Wade

Proceedings Volume 8861, 88610F (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2026331

KEYWORDS: Crystals, Silicon, Prototyping, Diffraction, Crystallography, Reflectivity, Germanium, Laser crystals, Gamma radiation, Lens design

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Proceedings Article | 26 September 2013 Paper

Detector and imaging systems for the gamma-ray imager/polarimeter for solar flares (GRIPS) instrument

Nicole Duncan, Albert Shih, Gordon Hurford, Pascal Saint-Hilaire, Andreas Zoglauer, Hazel Bain, Mark Amman, Steven Boggs, Robert Lin

Proceedings Volume 8862, 88620W (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2024667

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Imaging systems, Solar energy, Imaging spectroscopy, Image sensors, Electronics, Cameras, Gamma radiation, Field programmable gate arrays, Sun

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Proceedings Article | 17 September 2012 Paper

The Gamma-Ray Imager/Polarimeter for Solar flares (GRIPS)

Albert Shih, Robert Lin, Gordon Hurford, Nicole Duncan, Pascal Saint-Hilaire, Hazel Bain, Steven Boggs, Andreas Zoglauer, David Smith, Hiroyasu Tajima, Mark Amman, Tadayuki Takahashi

Proceedings Volume 8443, 84434H (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.926450

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Gamma radiation, Electrons, Spatial resolution, Solar processes, Polarization, Imaging systems, Imaging spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Ions

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Proceedings Article | 17 September 2012 Paper

Prospects for the 2014/2015 Nuclear Compton Telescope balloon campaign

A. Lowell, S. Boggs, A. Zoglauer, N. Barriere, M. Amman, P. Luke, P. von Ballmoos, P. Jean, H. Chang, J. Chiu, J. Liang

Proceedings Volume 8443, 84434U (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.926848

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Telescopes, Germanium, Spatial resolution, Imaging spectroscopy, Signal detection, Polarization, Electroluminescent displays, Atmospheric propagation, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 12 October 2011 Paper

Developing a second generation Laue lens prototype: high-reflectivity crystals and accurate assembly

Nicolas Barrière, John Tomsick, Steven Boggs, Alexander Lowell, Peter von Ballmoos

Proceedings Volume 8147, 81471D (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.899893

KEYWORDS: Crystals, Telescopes, Diffraction, Prototyping, Laser crystals, Crystallography, Gamma radiation, Sensors, X-rays, Solid state lighting

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Proceedings Article | 14 September 2011 Paper

The DUAL mission concept

Peter von Ballmoos, Jose Alvarez, Nicolas Barriere, Steve Boggs, Andrei Bykov, Juan Manuel Del Cura Velayos, Filippo Frontera, Lorraine Hanlon, Margarita Hernanz, Emmanuel Hinglais, Jordi Isern, Pierre Jean, Jürgen Knödlseder, Lucien Kuiper, Mark Leising, Benoît Pirard, Jean-Pierre Prost, Rui da Silva, Tadayuki Takahashi, John Tomsick, Roland Walter, Andreas Zoglauer

Proceedings Volume 8145, 81450E (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.895419

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Crystals, Satellites, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Silver, Imaging systems, Gamma radiation, Space operations, Spatial resolution

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Proceedings Article | 14 September 2011 Paper

Spectral calibration and modeling of the NuSTAR CdZnTe pixel detectors

Takao Kitaguchi, Brian Grefenstette, Fiona Harrison, Hiromasa Miyasaka, Varun Bhalerao, Walter Cook, Peter Mao, Vikram Rana, Steven Boggs, Andreas Zoglauer

Proceedings Volume 8145, 814507 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.896972

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Monte Carlo methods, Data modeling, Calibration, Spectral models, Space telescopes, Hard x-rays, Crystals, Clouds, X-ray telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 27 August 2010 Paper

Preliminary results from the Spring 2010 balloon campaign of the Nuclear Compton Telescope

Jeng-Lun Chiu, Eric Bellm, Steven Boggs, Hsiang-Kuang Chang, Yuan-Hann Chang, Minghuey Huang, Mark Amman, Mark Bandstra, Wei-Che Hung, Jau-Shian Liang, Chih-Hsun Lin, Zhong-Kai Liu, Paul Luke, Daniel Perez-Becker, Ray-Shine Run, Cornelia Wunderer, Andreas Zoglauer

Proceedings Volume 7805, 780514 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.860921

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Germanium, Gamma radiation, Electronics, Spectral resolution, Spatial resolution, Computing systems

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Proceedings Article | 30 July 2010 Paper

Development of efficient Laue lenses: experimental results and projects

Nicolas Barrière, John Tomsick, Steven Boggs, Julien Rousselle, Peter von Ballmoos

Proceedings Volume 7732, 773226 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857813

KEYWORDS: Crystals, Prototyping, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Lenses, Gamma radiation, Diffraction, Laser crystals, X-rays, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2010 Paper

The 2010 balloon campaign of the Nuclear Compton Telescope

Eric Bellm, Jeng-Lun Chiu, Steven Boggs, Hsiang-Kuang Chang, Yuan-Hann Chang, Minghuey Huang, Mark Amman, Mark Bandstra, Wei-Che Hung, Pierre Jean, Jau-Shian Liang, Chih-Hsun Lin, Zhong-Kai Liu, Paul Luke, Daniel Perez-Becker, Ray-Shine Run, Andreas Zoglauer

Proceedings Volume 7732, 773224 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857526

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Electronics, Germanium, Gamma radiation, Polarimetry, Signal detection, Magnetometers

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2010 Paper

Ground calibrations of Nuclear Compton Telescope

Jeng-Lun Chiu, Zhong-Kai Liu, Mark Bandstra, Eric Bellm, Jau-Shian Liang, Daniel Perez-Becker, Andreas Zoglauer, Steven Boggs, Hsiang-Kuang Chang, Yuan-Hann Chang, Minghuey Huang, Mark Amman, Shiuan-Juang Chiang, Wei-Che Hung, Chih-Hsun Lin, Paul Luke, Ray-Shine Run, Cornelia Wunderer

Proceedings Volume 7732, 77324H (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857876

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Sensors, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Monte Carlo methods, Gamma radiation, Germanium, Data conversion, 3D metrology, Polarization

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2010 Paper

The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR)

Fiona Harrison, Steve Boggs, Finn Christensen, William Craig, Charles Hailey, Daniel Stern, William Zhang, Lorella Angelini, Hongjun An, Varun Bhalerao, Nicolai Brejnholt, Lynn Cominsky, W. Rick Cook, Melania Doll, Paolo Giommi, Brian Grefenstette, Allan Hornstrup, Vicky Kaspi, Yunjin Kim, Takeo Kitaguchi, Jason Koglin, Carl Christian Liebe, Greg Madejski, Kristin Kruse Madsen, Peter Mao, David Meier, Hiromasa Miyasaka, Kaya Mori, Matteo Perri, Michael Pivovaroff, Simonetta Puccetti, Vikram Rana, Andreas Zoglauer

Proceedings Volume 7732, 77320S (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.858065

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Space telescopes, Telescopes, X-ray telescopes, Multilayers, Spectroscopy, Hard x-rays, Spectral resolution, Optical alignment, Space operations

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 2008 Paper

MEGAlib: simulation and data analysis for low-to-medium-energy gamma-ray telescopes

Andreas Zoglauer, Robert Andritschke, Steven Boggs, Florian Schopper, Georg Weidenspointner, Cornelia Wunderer

Proceedings Volume 7011, 70113F (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.789537

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Telescopes, Monte Carlo methods, Space telescopes, Gamma radiation, Data analysis, Device simulation, Particles, Reconstruction algorithms, Image restoration

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Proceedings Article | 17 September 2007 Paper

Recognition of Compton scattering patterns in advanced Compton telescopes

Andreas Zoglauer, Steven Boggs, Robert Andritschke, Gottfried Kanbach

Proceedings Volume 6700, 67000I (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.738990

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Telescopes, Gamma radiation, Absorption, Compton scattering, Space telescopes, Cameras, Pattern recognition, Kinematics, Doppler effect

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Proceedings Article | 13 June 2006 Paper

The Advanced Compton Telescope

Steven Boggs, James Kurfess, James Ryan, Elena Aprile, Neil Gehrels, Marc Kippen, Marc Leising, Uwe Oberlack, Cornelia Wunderer, Allen Zych, Peter Bloser, Michael Harris, Andrew Hoover, Alexei Klimenk, Dan Kocevski, Mark McConnell, Peter Milne, Elena Novikova, Bernard Phlips, Mark Polsen, Steven Sturner, Derek Tournear, Georg Weidenspointner, Eric Wulf, Andreas Zoglauer, Matthew Baring, John Beacom, Lars Bildsten, Charles Dermer, Dieter Hartmann, Margarita Hernanz, David Smith, Sumner Starrfield

Proceedings Volume 6266, 626624 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.670605

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Silicon, Nickel, Gamma radiation, Germanium, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Stars, Galactic astronomy, Photons

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Proceedings Article | 13 June 2006 Paper

Pre-flight calibration of the prototype Nuclear Compton Telescope

Jason Bowen, Mark Bandstra, Steven Boggs, Wayne Coburn, Cornelia Wunderer, Robert Lin, Mark Amman, Paul Luke, Morgan Burks, William Craig, Norman Madden, David Smith, Peter von Ballmoos, Pierre Jean

Proceedings Volume 6266, 626625 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.672252

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Sensors, Monte Carlo methods, Germanium, Telescopes, Prototyping, Cesium, Gamma radiation, Spectral resolution, Data acquisition

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Proceedings Article | 13 June 2006 Paper

Germanium (Compton) focal plane detectors for gamma-ray lenses

Cornelia Wunderer, Georg Weidenspointner, Andreas Zoglauer, Peter Ballmoos, Nicolas Barrière, Steven Boggs, Hubert Halloin, Jürgen Knödlseder, Niels Lund

Proceedings Volume 6266, 626629 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.672128

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Germanium, Gamma radiation, Photons, Crystals, Space operations, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Lenses, Electronics

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Proceedings Article | 18 August 2005 Paper

First results from the balloon flight of the NCT prototype

Wayne Coburn, Steven Boggs, Jason Bowen, Mark Bandstra, Mark Amman, Morgan Burks, William Craig, Pierre Jean, Robert Lin, Paul Luke, Norman Madden, David Smith, Peter von Ballmoos

Proceedings Volume 5898, 589802 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.615876

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Prototyping, Electronics, Polarization, Telescopes, Analog electronics, Imaging spectroscopy, Calibration, Space telescopes, Spectral resolution

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Proceedings Article | 3 February 2004 Paper

Preliminary laboratory performance of the NCT prototype flight electronics

Wayne Coburn, Steven Boggs, Julia Kregenow, Jason Bowen, Mark Amman, Morgan Burkes, William Craig, Pierre Jean, Robert Lin, Paul Luke, Norman Madden, David Smith, Peter von Ballmoos, Klaus Ziock

Proceedings Volume 5165, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.506037

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Electronics, Prototyping, Telescopes, Germanium, Polarization, Spectral resolution, Calibration, Imaging spectroscopy, Optical instrument design

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Proceedings Article | 11 March 2003 Paper

Upcoming balloon flight of the nuclear Compton telescope

Steven Boggs, Mark Amman, Pierre Jean, Susan Amrose, Wayne Coburn, Robert Lin, David Smith, Paul Luke, Norman Madden, Morgan Burks, Ethan Hull, Peter von Ballmoos, William Craig, Klaus Ziock

Proceedings Volume 4851, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.461144

KEYWORDS: Prototyping, Telescopes, Sensors, Space telescopes, Polarization, Germanium, Gamma radiation, Optical instrument design, Spectral resolution, Spatial resolution

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Proceedings Article | 11 March 2003 Paper

High-resolution spectroscopic imaging (HSI) mission

Fiona Harrison, Steven Boggs, Finn Christensen, Neil Gehrels, Jonathan Grindlay, C. M. Chen, William Craig, Charles Hailey, Philip Pinto, Steven Thorsett, Jack Tueller, David Windt, Stanford Woosley

Proceedings Volume 4851, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.461280

KEYWORDS: Spectral resolution, Gamma radiation, Sensors, Imaging spectroscopy, X-rays, Spectroscopes, Telescopes, Solid state electronics, Germanium, Galactic astronomy

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Proceedings Article | 10 January 2003 Paper

3D positioning germanium detectors for gamma-ray astronomy

Wayne Coburn, Susan Amrose, Steven Boggs, Robert Lin, Mark Amman, Morgan Burks, Ethan Hull, Paul Luke, Norman Madden

Proceedings Volume 4784, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.450828

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Germanium, Electrodes, Spectral resolution, Monte Carlo methods, Prototyping, Electronics, Telescopes, Signal detection

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2000 Paper

Cyclone Hard X-Ray Observatory

Steven Boggs, Robert Lin, Brian Dennis, Norman Madden, Peter von Ballmoos, Knud Thomsen, Gordon Hurford, Kevin Hurley, David Smith, Pierre Jean, Juergen Knoedlseder, Robyn Millan

Proceedings Volume 4140, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.409159

KEYWORDS: Modulation, Sensors, Hard x-rays, Spectral resolution, Spatial resolution, Space operations, Observatories, Electronics, Imaging spectroscopy, Satellites

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Proceedings Article | 21 November 2000 Paper

Development of CdZnTe pixel detectors for astrophysical applications

Fiona Harrison, Steven Boggs, Aleksey Bolotnikov, C. M. Hubert Chen, Walter Cook, Steven Schindler

Proceedings Volume 4141, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.407574

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Hard x-rays, Prototyping, Spectral resolution, Space telescopes, X-ray telescopes, Image resolution, Telescopes, Very large scale integration, X-rays

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Proceedings Article | 21 November 2000 Paper

Optimal contact geometry for CdZnTe pixel detectors

Aleksey Bolotnikov, Steven Boggs, C. M. Hubert Chen, Walter Cook, Fiona Harrison, Steven Schindler

Proceedings Volume 4141, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.407587

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Electrons, Electrodes, Diffusion, Collimation, Semiconductors, Image resolution, X-rays, Interference (communication), Silicon

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Proceedings Article | 18 July 2000 Paper

Development of the High-Energy Focusing Telescope (HEFT) balloon experiment

Fiona Harrison, Steven Boggs, Aleksey Bolotnikov, Finn Christensen, Walter Cook, William Craig, Charles Hailey, Mario Jimenez-Garate, Peter Mao, Steven Schindler, David Windt

Proceedings Volume 4012, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.391608

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Multilayers, Imaging spectroscopy, Mirrors, Reflectivity, Hard x-rays, X-ray optics, Prototyping, Space telescopes, X-ray telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 18 July 2000 Paper

Grazing incidence optics designs for future gamma-ray missions

Finn Christensen, James Chakan, Fiona Harrison, Steven Boggs, Peter Mao, Thomas Prince, William Craig, Charles Hailey, David Windt

Proceedings Volume 4012, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.391563

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Gamma radiation, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Grazing incidence, Optical instrument design, Multilayers, Spatial resolution, X-ray telescopes, Optical design

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Proceedings Article | 1 October 1999 Paper

Use of a pulsed laser to study properties of CdZnTe pixel detectors

Aleksey Bolotnikov, Steven Boggs, Walter Cook, Fiona Harrison, Steven Schindler

Proceedings Volume 3769, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.363691

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Pulsed laser operation, X-rays, Signal detection, Diffusion, Particles, Signal attenuation, Tunable lasers, Collimation, Electric field sensors

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Proceedings Article | 1 October 1999 Paper

First test results from a high-resolution CdZnTe pixel detector with VLSI readout

Walter Cook, Steven Boggs, Aleksey Bolotnikov, Jill Burnham, Fiona Harrison, Branislav Kecman, Brian Matthews, Steven Schindler, Michael Fitzsimmons

Proceedings Volume 3769, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.363688

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Very large scale integration, Monte Carlo methods, Prototyping, Collimation, Image resolution, Indium, Diffusion, Amplifiers, Americium

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We are developing a CdZnTe pixel detector with a custom low- noise analog VLSI readout for use in the High-Energy Focusing Telescope balloon experiment, as well as for future space astronomy applications. The goal of the program is to achieve good energy resolution (< 1 keV FWHM at 60 keV) and low threshold in a sensor with approximately 500 micrometers pixels. We have fabricated several prototype detector assemblies with 2 mm thick, 680 by 650 micrometers pitch CdZnTe pixel sensors indium bump bonded a VLSI readout chip developed at Caltech. Each readout circuit in the 8 X 8 prototype is matched to the detector pixel size, and contains a preamplifier, shaping amplifiers, and a peak stretcher/discriminator. In the first 8 X 8 prototype, we have demonstrated the low-noise preamplifier by routing the output signals off-chip for shaping and pulse-height analysis. Pulse height spectra obtained using a ²⁴¹Am source, collimated to illuminate a single pixel, show excellent energy resolution of 1.1 keV FWHM for the 60 keV line at room temperature. Line profiles are approximately Gaussian and dominated by electronic noise, however a small low energy tail is evident for the 60 keV line. We obtained slightly improved resolution of 0.9 keV FWHM at 60 keV by cooling the detector to 5 degree(s)C, near the expected balloon- flight operating temperature. Pulse height spectra obtained with the collimated source positioned between pixels show the effect of signal sharing for events occurring near the boundary. We are able to model the observed spectra using a Monte-Carlo simulation that includes the effects of photon interaction, charge transport and diffusion, pixel and collimator geometry, and electronic noise. By using the model to simulate the detector response to uncollimated radiation (including the effect of finite trigger threshold for reconstruction of the total energy of multi-pixel events), we find the energy resolution to be degraded by only 10% for full-face illumination, compared to the collimated case. The small value of the degradation is due directly to the low readout noise and amplifier threshold.

Proceedings Article | 18 October 1996 Paper

Laboratory tests and simulations of pulse shape discrimination (PSD) technique for background reduction in germanium gamma-ray detectors

Said Slassi-Sennou, Steven Boggs, Bryon Philhour, Robert Campbell, Paul Feffer, Robert Lin, Steven McBride, Henry Primbsch, Chris Cork, Fred Goulding, Paul Luke, Norman Madden, Don Malone, Richard Pehl

Proceedings Volume 2806, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.254020

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Germanium, Gamma radiation, Shape analysis, Electronics, Signal detection, Spectrometers, Atmospheric particles, Monte Carlo methods, Space operations

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Proceedings Article | 16 September 1994 Paper

Progress on the Scintillation Imaging Gas-filled Hard X-ray Telescope (SIGHT)

Timothy Edberg, Steven Boggs, Ann Parsons, Bernard Sadoulet, Paul Shestople, R. Therrien, Shimon Weiss, Jeff Wilkerson, Garth Smith

Proceedings Volume 2280, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.186827

KEYWORDS: Scintillation, Xenon, Optical fibers, Sensors, Calibration, Hard x-rays, Ultraviolet radiation, Quantum efficiency, Scintillation imaging, Photons

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