This paper outlines the need for development of human posture prediction models for Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) design applications in product, facility and work design. Challenges facing developers of posture prediction algorithms are presented and discussed.
KEYWORDS: Safety, Injuries, Photography, Visualization, Intelligence systems, Manufacturing, Principal component analysis, Systems engineering, Design for manufacturability, Systems modeling
While injuries from powered hand tools are caused by a number of factors, this study looks specifically at the impact of the tools design features on perceived tool usability and safety. The tools used in this study are circular saws, power drills and power nailers. Sixty-nine males and thirty-two females completed an anonymous web-based questionnaire that provided orthogonal view photographs of the various tools. Subjects or raters provided: 1) description of the respondents or raters, 2) description of the responses from the raters, and 3) analysis of the interrelationships among respondent ratings of tool safety and usability, physical metrics of the tool, and rater demographic information. The results of the study found that safety and usability were dependent materially upon rater history of use and experience, but not upon training in safety and usability, or quality of design features of the tools (e.g., grip diameters, trigger design, guards, etc.). Thus, positive and negative transfer of prior experience with use of powered hand tools is far more important than any expectancy that may be driven by prior safety and usability training, or from the visual cues that are provided by the engineering design of the tool.
The objective of this study was to compare visual inspection performance of printed circuit boards (PCBs) and flexible circuit boards (flex) when using monovision and autostereovision modes of the Dimension Technologies' Virtual WindowTM. We measured completion times for visual inspections of PCBs and flex cards, and detection of manufacturing or post manufacturing defects in each of the products. In the case of printed circuit boards, the stereovision display mode produce faster inspection (approximately 17% improvement in inspection rate) when compared against the monovision mode. No change in inspection performance was observed with flex cards, or in the number of flaws detected, with the introduction of autostereovision. Recommendations are made for improving the effectiveness of the Virtual Window for visual inspection of printed circuit boards and like phenomena.
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