Temperature measurement plays a pivotal role in both everyday life and industrial production. The utilization of flexible temperature sensors has gained significant attention due to their exceptional flexibility, which allows for greater adaptability in various application environments. This paper introduces a straightforward and efficient approach to manufacturing a graphene-based flexible temperature sensor. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) was synthesized from phenolic resin (PR) irradiated by flat-top shaping femtosecond laser. The resulting LIG was thoroughly characterized using SEM, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS. The flexible temperature sensor was prepared based on LIG. The sensor has a sensitivity of 0.78% /°C and a linear response over a temperature range of 25-75°C. The application potential of PRbased LIG extends to human physiological health monitoring, wearable devices, and various other fields.
A micro all-glass fiber-optic accelerometer based on the extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (EFPI) is developed. A microcantilever beam is fabricated using a femtosecond laser and assembled with a silica tube and a silica inertial mass. Two mirrors, the end face of the leading single-mode fiber and the inner glass/air interface of the cantilever beam, form an EFPI. When the accelerometer is subjected to the vibration along the fiber axis, the vibration is detected by interrogating the variation in the cavity length of the EFPI. The proposed accelerometer has a compact structure and high signal-to-noise ratio. Experimental results show that the sensitivity of 2.9 nm/g@500 Hz within the acceleration range of 0 to 3 g is achieved. The accelerometer can work within the frequency range of 100 to 1500 Hz.
The emission properties of double-pulse (DP) over single-pulse (SP) femtosecond laser breakdown spectroscopy (fs- LIBS) of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were investigated. The signal enhancements in the DP fs-LIBS strongly depended on the DP delay and were influenced by the type of emission particles. Intensity enhancement of emission lines increased in the sequence of molecules, neutral atoms, and ions. Electron density and temperature were reported to characterize the plasmas. Both the electron density and plasma temperature exhibit similar variation trajectories with respect to the DP delay and feature a distinct increase at an optimal DP delay of ~80 ps, indicating reheating of preproduced plume is responsible for the emission enhancement. The dependence of the signal emission on laser energy was also studied, showing the emission intensity was linear to the pulse energy. However, the signal enhancement was nonlinear to the pulse energy, suggesting that the signal enhancement was related to the energy coupling efficiency of second pulse to the first pulse generated plume.
A high-sensitivity Mach-Zehnder(MZ) interferometric refractive index(RI) sensor based on two different ultra-abrupt
tapers is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The whole fabrication process is relatively simple. One taper is
fabricated by the fusion-splicing method and the ratio of the waist diameter to the taper length is 1:1. The other taper is
fabricated by CO2 laser irradiation with a ratio around 1:10. According to the experimental results, the spectral loss of
the proposed MZ interferometric sensor has a linear response to the external RI change with a ultrahigh sensitivity of
-412.02138 dB/RIU(refractive index unit) in the range of 1.3505-1.3684. The sensor has the potential application for RI
measurement in chemical or biochemical sensing fields due to its low cost, simple structure and extremely high
sensitivity.
High temperature detection of micro structure area with high sensitivity has aroused more and more interest recently. A high temperature sensor based on ultra-abrupt tapered fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is proposed and fabricated by using a fusion-splicing method.The two normal cleaved ends are separated by a distance and become ellipsoidal by one time discharge using a fiber fusion splicer. Then the two ellipsoidal fiber heads contacted between the splicer electrodes are fused together to form the taper. And the other is formed through the same process separated by a distance of L. The thermal characteristic is investigated in 25–1100 °C, which temperature limit is highest of tapered fiber MZIs. It is observed that sensitivity varies with temperature ranges, which are 25 pm/°C in low-temperature range(25-300°C) and 105 pm/°C in high-temperature range(300-1100°C) respectively. The sensor demonstrates good thermal stability after annealing at 400 °C and 800 °C for 8 h respectively. The simple ultra-taper based MZI sensor has potential application prospect in the field of high temperature detection, such as the temperature of aeroengine.
Reflectivity spectrum of beam propagation method (BPM), for the first time to the best of our knowledge, is realized and utilized to model all-optical fiber interferometric sensor formed by a U-shape microcavity embedded in a single mode optical fiber and illustrate the principle of sensor structures varied by the length and the depth of U-shape microcavity. BPM analysis gives a constructive guideline to get a high interferometric fringe visibility which is most important for sensing application. The simulated results are completely in agreement with the interferometric sensor principle of Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) theory. With the conclusion of FPI sensor, refractive index (RI) sensitivity and temperature sensitivity are then simulated and obtained as 1049±5.2nm/RIU (refractive index unit) within RI range of solutions and 1.04±0.03pm/°C respectively.
A fiber inline Michelson interferometer fiber optic sensor was presented for sensing applications, including high
temperature performance and refractive index change. The sensor was fabricated using one-step femtosecond (fs) laser
micromachining technique. A step structure at the tip of a single mode optical fiber was formed during the
micromachining process. The device had a loss of 16 dB and an interference visibility exceeding 18 dB. The capability
of this device for temperature sensing up to 1000 °C and refractive index sensing application in various concentrations of
ethanol solution were all demonstrated.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.