Person verification based on face detection and face recognition is a very important research area in the field of computer vision as it provides authentication before permitting access to resources ensuring safety and security. It is a challenging task to identify and verify a person in low-illumination images, this is because the facial features of a person in a low-illumination image are not clear as the image is of poorer quality than that of an image taken with good illumination. The existing hand-crafted feature-based approaches and deep learning models for low-illumination image contrast enhancement are typically unsatisfactory in the applications of person verification either due to over-enhancing of the image or restricting the contrast of the image while dealing with light illumination. To achieve more accurate face detection and face recognition in low light images, a new approach based on adaptive gamma correction and deep learning model is proposed in this research paper. In this work, two methods: feature-based adaptive gamma correction (FAGC) and deep learning-based adaptive gamma correction (DLAGC) are proposed for contrast enhancement. The proposed approach uses the new adaptive gamma correction-based methods (FAGC, DLAGC) for the image contrast enhancement and applies deep learning models to detect and recognize the face in the enhanced image. The enhancement of the brightness difference between objects and their backgrounds achieved by the proposed adaptive gamma correction-based methods enables the deep learning model to extract the quality semantic information, which improves the accuracy of person verification. The proposed approach is evaluated on Extended Yale Face (EYF) dataset, which is a low-illumination image dataset. The proposed framework with FAGC and DLAGC for person verification achieves an improvement of 24% and 30%, respectively, on EYF dataset and 2.5% and 10%, respectively, on Specs on Faces dataset when compared to the existing techniques.
Performances of the deep learning models for person identification and verification are degraded on low illumination images due to the generated facial embeddings being unable to be matched with the trained good illumination facial embeddings. Person verification on low illumination images is a challenging task. The existing techniques have adopted an approach of enhancing the low illumination images and performing the person verification in the enhanced images. But these techniques have not achieved satisfactory results, because the gamma value is kept constant in the power law intensity transformation function to enhance the images. To obtain better performance, we propose a deep learning-based framework that consists of a contrast enhancement module, called as contrast enhancement network (CENet); person identification; and person verification modules. The CENet is built based on the residual network, which predicts the gamma value based on the illumination of the input image. The predicted value is used to perform gamma correction on the image to improve the brightness difference between the faces and their background, whereas the existing techniques are keeping the gamma value as constant for image enhancement. After performing the image enhancement, the enhanced image is given as input to the person identification module. Then the detected faces are verified by the person verification module. Experimental results show that the proposed framework has achieved an improvement of 3.4% to 13% in person identification and verification accuracy on the extended yale face dataset to the existing methods.
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