Bead-on-plate welding of pure copper sheet with a thickness of 200 μm were carried out with a 200 W blue diode laser. Output power was varied from 150 to 200 W. The spot diameter was set the 50,100 μm constant. The maximum laser intensity was 1×107 W/cm2. The threshold of the output power required for full penetration welding to 200 μm thick pure copper was obtained. Next, at each laser output power, the welding speed was changed to control the input energy, and the welding speed required for full penetration welding was determined. The maximum welding speed 35 mm/s was obtained with a laser intensity of 1×107 W/cm2. To investigate welding quality the bead appearance and crosssectional observation were performed.
LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 are frequently used in second harmonic conversion of continuous-wave light from the infrared to the visible regions. Optical damage of LiNbO3-type crystals is a crucial issue in the high-average-power laser systems. The optical damage by a light-induced heating is investigated. We have proposed a light-induced heating by the accumulated long-lived states like polarons or self-trapped excitons. In addition to the long-lived states, point defects as color centers are created by a radiation. A new model includes these states. As a results, it is shown that a creating rate of the color center becomes a important parameter on the determination of critical power.
Anomalous absorption of an intense short laser pulse in overdense plasmas is analyzed. A diffusion equation describing the time evolution of the electron distribution function is derived. From the equation it is shown that the electron distribution function becomes anisotropic in the momentum space, which gives rise to the absorption of the energy. The diffusion is dominant in px direction rather than pz direction. In pz direction, however, the drift term is contained resulting for the longitudinal component of the J X B force, which has ben neglected but is important for the intense laser case. The absorption coefficient and skin depth is obtained for the ASE regime. The absorption coefficient increases in time starting from the well-known absorption coefficient for a lower intensity laser pulse.
Hydrodynamic simulation code that is based on the cubic interpolated pseudo-particle scheme and the model of the equation of state is developed to analyze the hydrodynamic instabilities in the inertial confinement fusion. Ablation structure, shockwave, and the hydrodynamic instabilities by KrF laser were investigated by the 1D and 2D hydrodynamic simulation.
We have developed a new technique for high intensity short pulse generation. It consists of a steep pulse generation and a saturated amplification. Stimulated Brillouin scattering by a broad-band oscillator pulse was used to generate the steep Stokes pulse. The Stokes pulse was amplified by discharge type KrF laser amplifier under strongly saturated condition. The pulse shortening by the amplification was confirmed.
A new technique for pulse shortening by a combination of pulse shaping and saturated amplification was developed. Two-step stimulated Brillouin scattering was used for the pulse shaping. The generated Stokes pulse was amplified by a discharge KrF laser amplifier under strongly saturated condition. The amplified Stokes pulse with 44 ps rise-time and 54 ps pulse width (FWHM) was obtained.
A repetition-rate electron beam pumped KrF laser amplifier is being built at the Electrotechnical Laboratory to develop the technologies required for an inertial confinement fusion energy driver. The pulsed power system of the prototype amplifier has already been competed and generates pulses of -300kV, 80ns with a repetition-rate of 1Hz. The high voltage electric short pulses are obtained by step-up pulse transformers, magnetic switches and a water dielectric pulse forming line instead of a conventional Marx generator with gap switches. One of the key technologies with this system is the cooling method of pressure and anode foils in a HIBACHI structure to increase those lifetimes. Our design adopts radiation and conduction as the main cooling processes and allows the foils to reach a high temperature. HAVAR and molybdenum are chosen as pressure and anode foil respectively instead of conventional titanium foils. The maximum temperature of the foils were numerically estimated to show the feasibility of the design.
Dielectric breakdown of gate oxide by the focused iou beam (FIB) irradiation of the MOS structure has
been studied. The sample device structure was that of an MOS transistor about to be ion-implanted in the
source and drain (S/D) regions. The gate poly-silicon electrode was extended to the pad electrode on the thick
field oxide. The thicknesses of the gate and field oxide layers were 25 iim and 500 mu, respectively. That of
the poly-silicon layer was 250 nm. The typical areas of the gate and the pad electrodes were 31-100 jzm2 aiid
2-4x iO pm2, respectively. Gallium FIB, accelerated by 40 keV, was irradiated to sample devices.
The total dose until the breakdowii depends on the irradiated location of the device. In the case that the
edge of the polysilicon layer adjacent to the S/D regions is irradiated, the dose is the least. If the gate oxide
layer has not been removed on the S/D regions, the dose exceeds that for the sample with the gate oxide layer
etched there, although not greater than that in the case that any other part of the poly-silicon layer is irradiated.
The electroluminescence measurement of some samples indicates that such edge irradiation iiiduces damages at
a spot on the irradiated edge of the gate oxide. Such damages are probably due to the combiiiation of conductive
microbridge formation and the electrical dielectric breakdown around the bridge. The microbridge is formed
by the implantation of gallium ions, and/or adhesion of gallium and silicon atonis at the sidewall of the gate
oxide. In the experiments where an area around the center of the polysilicon pad electrode was irradiated, two
breakdown modes were observed: breakdown due to gate-culTent stress and instant breakdown.
The gate potential during the FIB irradiation was obtained from the measured secondary electron current.
The potential is approximately equal to that measured during the conventional constant-current-stress (005)
lifetime experiment. This proves that gate oxide is stressed by current during irradiation. The time to breakdown
becomes shorter with decrease in the gate area if the FIB current is the same. The smaller the devise becomes,
the 005-like mode will be the more serious.
Instant breakdown mode appears when the beam current is high. Detailed analysis reveals discrepancies
between the phenomena and simple conjectures based on the 005 lifetime. By the irradiation, some samples are
broken in far shorter time than expected from the 005 lifetime measurement, whereas the rest of the samples
survive longer than the expectation. This suggests that there is a stronger stress at the onset of the irradiation.
This breakdown mode is, at least at present, uncontrollable and most hazardous, to be overcome for improved
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