Radiofrequency (RF) transverse deflection structures (TDSs) are fundamental time-resolved diagnostics in x-ray free-electron lasers. Two x-band TDSs with variable polarization of the deflecting force were recently installed after the undulators of Athos, the soft x-ray beamline of SwissFEL. This contribution summarizes the experience gained over the last few months during the commissioning of the RF system and the measurements made during operations, focusing on the setup of the entire complex RF system, the calibration and the time-resolved measurement that, combined with an energy spectrometer, provides longitudinal phase-space measurements of extreme importance for the commissioning of the complex FEL schemes implemented in the Athos beamline.
Temporal diagnostics are essential to characterize and optimize the performance of free-electron lasers (FELs). We propose and demonstrate a new method to measure the temporal profile of electron and photon beams in FEL facilities. The approach utilizes the transverse wakefields generated by the electrons traveling through a corrugated structure installed after an undulator section of an FEL. Compared to the more standard radio-frequency deflector approach, the method is more cost-effective, less sensitive to arrival time jitter, but reconstruction of the beam profiles becomes more complicated. We present numerical and experimental results that demonstrate the feasibility of the method. The experiments were carried out at SwissFEL, the x-ray FEL facility at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland.
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