The achievement of functional nanomodules for subcellular label-free measurement has long been pursued in order to fully understand cellular functions. Here, a compact label-free nanosensor based on a fiber taper and zinc oxide nanogratings is designed and applied for the early monitoring of apoptosis in individual living cells. Because of its nanoscale dimensions, mechanical flexibility, and minimal cytotoxicity to cells, the sensing module can be loaded in cells for long term in situ tracking with high sensitivity. A gradual increase in the nuclear refractive index during the apoptosis process is observed, revealing the increase in molecular density and the decrease in cell volume. The strategy used in our study not only contributes to the understanding of internal environmental variations during cellular apoptosis but also provides a new platform for nonfluorescent fiber devices for investigation of cellular events and understanding fundamental cell biochemical engineering.
Single-pixel imaging system can get image through a detector without spatial resolution. It is a lower-cost alternative to multi-pixel detectors. In addition, the single-pixel detector can provide higher performance, such as higher detection efficiency, lower noise and faster time response. However, single-pixel imaging often needs to be modulated by expensive digital micromirror device (DMD) or spatial light modulator (SLM) to produce structured light. Moreover, DMD or SLM makes the imaging system more complex and brings difficulties to integrated design. Therefore, we propose a method of replacing DMD and SLM with an arbitrary display screen (computer screen, mobile phone screen, liquid crystal display, organic light-emitting diode and so on) to realize structured light illumination. A variety of display screens with low price are widely used in the market. And it is convenient to drive and control, it has a long service life and high stability. By programming the processor, we can control the display screen to generate any desired structured light directly. We also compared the recovery effects of different algorithms. The results show that display illumination can replace DMD or SLM in single-pixel imaging system.
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