Large area detectors with high dynamic range, low noise and fast pulse-to-pulse readout have been developed to accommodate the unique requirements and pulse structure of XFEL facilities. In the case of hard x-ray solution scattering the detectors need to capture intense diffuse scattering patterns covering a large area and dynamic range.
Furthermore, time-resolved solution scattering needs the performance, stability, linearity and noise profile to extract percent to permille level changes in such scattering patterns reliably.
The ePix10k2M (2019) is the second hard x-ray large area detector developed for the LCLS, it offers a number of advantages over the previous CSPAD detector. The ePix10k2M has 3 different fixed gain-modes as well as two auto-ranging/auto-switching modes. The combination of gains allows for the coverage of a large hard x-ray dynamic range from single photon counting to ~10k photons/pixel/pulse.
Here, the performance is evaluated for the detection of hard x-ray solution scattering and compares the different configurations in which it can be run. Finally, some perspectives are presented on the future use and development of such detectors at the higher energies and higher repetition rates that are becoming available.
The recent success of the X-ray Free Electron Lasers has generated great interests from the user communities of a wide range of scientific disciplines including physics, chemistry, structural biology and material science, creating tremendous demand on FEL beamtime access. Due to the serial nature of FEL operation, various beam-sharing techniques have been investigated in order to potentially increase the FEL beamtime capacity. Here we report the recent development in using thin diamond single crystals for spectrally splitting the FEL beam at the Linac Coherent Light Source, thus potentially allowing the simultaneous operation of multiple instruments. Experimental findings in crystal mounting and its thermal performance, position and pointing stabilities of the reflected beam, and impact of the crystal on the FEL transmitted beam profile are presented.
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