The aim of this paper was to test the suitability of using photogrammetry for metal additively manufactured parts with respect to metrology applications. Another aim was to test the influence of the chosen parameters on the quality indicators of the measurement data and the suitability of using single and stereo camera setups. The parameters of the measurement system whose influence was assessed were the exposure time, number and resolution of images taken. The individual measurements were evaluated in terms of the computational complexity, number of points obtained, part coverage ratio and the standard deviation of the distances of all points from the surface of the reference model. By comparing the results, a matrix of optimal parameters for the given part types was created and further trends describing the influence of individual parameters on the results were observed. The experimental comparison performed shows the possibilities of photogrammetric measurements, gives an idea of the appropriate parameters settings and has also shown that photogrammetry can be a competitor to fringe projection scanning of metal additively manufactured parts. The main drawback of this method is still the computational time and the need for a distinctive surface texture.
This study describes a new sensor planning system for the automatic generation of scanning positions based on a computer model of the part for digitization of sheet metal parts. The focus of this paper is in the application of a reflectance model into this sensor planning system. The goal of this sensor planning system and application of this model is to ensure fast, complete and accurate digitization of the parts for their inspection during serial-line production, especially in the automotive industry. A methodology of the sensor planning system consists of positions planning, their simulation for true visibility of the part elements using a reflectance model, and a simulation of the positions for robot reachability. Compared to previous studies, visual properties of the scanned parts’ surface can be simulated precisely. The Nayar model is used as a reflectance model. This model is suitable for materials that are characterized by the combination of diffuse and specular reflections and uses three components of reflection: diffuse, specular lobe and specular spike. Results of the scanning that were obtained using an ATOS III Triple Scan fringe projection 3D scanner and a KUKA KR 60 HA industrial robot were compared to the simulation. The comparison based on the correspondence of the polygons area acquired in each sensor position (in simulation and in scanning) shows that in the performed measurements the median of differences between simulation and scanning is around 16%.
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