Storage of renewable energy remains a significant challenge for the implementation of a future carbon neutral and sustainable society based on renewable energy. New technologies providing a paradigm shift for energy storage may likely be based on novel materials with new functionalities. This review provides new perspectives for rational design of functional materials for energy storage using dynamic, disorder or entropy effects as a design concept. These effects may be introduced into the solid state using complex anions such as BH4- or B12H122-. These dynamic effects may facilitate anion substitution and preparation of materials that may stabilize high temperature polymorphs at lower temperatures. This has provided new ion conductors for lithium batteries and perovskite type metal borohydrides, which can be modified to resemble the well-known useful metal halide photovoltaics. Completely new metal hydrides, which stores hydrogen and may also be ion conductors or have magnetic, optical or electronic properties may be designed and prepared. This review reveals extreme structural and compositional flexibility of metal hydrides and provides new inspiration for rational materials design towards multi-functionality.
A. Menzel, M. Dierolf, C. Kewish, P. Thibault, K. Jefimovs, C. David, M. Bech, T. Jensen, R. Feidenhans'l, A.-M. Heegaard, R. Hansen, T. Berthing, K. Martinez, J. Als-Nielsen, S. Kapishnikov, L. Leiserowitz, F. Pfeiffer, O. Bunk
New developments in X-ray instrumentation and analysis have facilitated the development and improvement
of various scanning X-ray microscopy techniques. In this contribution, we offer an overview of recent scanning
hard X-ray microscopy measurements performed at the Swiss Light Source. We discuss scanning transmission
X-ray microscopy in its transmission, phase contrast, and dark-field imaging modalities. We demonstrate how
small-angle X-ray scattering analysis techniques can be used to yield additional information. If the illumination
is coherent, coherent diffraction imaging techniques can be brought to bear. We discuss how, from scanning
microscopy measurements, detailed measurements of the X-ray scattering distributions can be used to extract
high-resolution images. These microscopy techniques with their respective imaging power can easily be combined
to multimodal X-ray microscopy.
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