To resolve the remote sensing problem of the surfaces by means of use of the synthesis aperture radar (SAR) with high resolution it is necessary to perform the multiparametric measurements. This could be achieved with the help of the multichannel scatterometers that could give the possibility to receive the signals in the different frequency bands, of different polarization, from different directions, etc. In this paper the algorithms of such a combined processing are examined. These algorithsm were synthesized by the solving of the optimization problems. They include the classical operations of the aperture synthesis and operations of the adaptive signal whitening, and statistical characteristic calculation of the Earth covers parameters, as well. Some results of the limits of the measurement errors for the electrophysical parameters such as permittivity, the root-mean-sqaure of the height and the correlation radius of irregularities, etc. within the wide range of reference values were studied.
In this paper we show the results related with the possibility of measure the electrophysical properties of Oceans with foam by using the passive remote sensing system.
To solve the problems of remote sensing of different surfaces based in the use of the radiometers, it is necessary to establish multiparametric measurements. By using of multichanel radiometers, we can receive signs of different frequency, polarizations, directions.
The algorithms of processing of thermal radiation used in terrestrial surfaces are also shown. These algorithms have been synthesized base on the maximum verisimilitude criteria. The algorithms include the operations of statistical processing of characteristic thermal radiation in order to receive the statistical characteristics of the electrophysical parameters of the Ocean.
To reach it regressive model of the Ocean with foam, is analyzed in an temperature interval of 273-310 K, with different percent of salts and to different wind velocities. We analyzed the polarization type, monitoring angles, height of the antenna in order to the errors of measurements be minimum. These recommendations can be useful for planning aerospace experiments for studding the Ocean.
This information can be obtained by using the inverse elements of the Fisher matrix.
The development of high frequencies theory and practice of radiometric sensing of environment has shown an opportunity to receive the information on temperature and salinity of superficial water layer, underwater wind speed, on which depends geometry of a surface and share of its covering foamed formation. The further development of satellite microwave measurement needs to find a solution to the problem of great multiparametrical return tasks. In this paper we consider regression and electrodynamic model of the sea and ocean and their limiting errors of electro physical parameters measurements of sea surface in order to find the solution to the tasks. The measurements are investigated at passive remote sensing. Temperature and concentration dependence of complex dielectric permeability of water and water mono and polyelectrolyte systems are also investigated. The measurements are executed with the help of the developed experimental stand of a reflective type on frequency 35.5 GHz at the interval of temperatures 271-353 K. Radiobrilliance temperature for regression and electrodynamic models of the sea and ocean, are designed with the help of received date.
In the present paper the algorithms of optimum handling of fields of own radio thermal radiation are synthesized and the outcomes of researches of behaviors of limiting errors of measurement of parameters of petroleum films. These data can be received at the rate of potential exactitudes, defined by Rao-Kramer's inequality or diagonal elements of covariance matrixes of errors, inverse information matrixes Fisher.
In the frame of Bayes statistic criterion of optimization the processing algorithms and the structures of radiometric systems for wide- and superwide band electro-magnetic fields spatial-temporal processing are developed. The methods of imaging in multi-beam systems and in systems, that form coherence functions of decorrelated processes. The algorithms has been developed using proposed by authors VF-transforms and proved by them the theorem, that are generalization of Fourier transforms and Van Zittert-Zernike theorem, respectively, for the case of wide- and superwide band wave fields spectral analysis.
Detection of various subsurface objects, anti-infantry mines and anti-personnel land miens in particular, hampers representation of the boundary line 'air soil'. The image of the in boundary line 'air soil' is the most intensive, since the reflection coefficient from this line is proportional to a gradient of refraction index. If this image to be suppressed the problem of subsurface an object detecting is essentially facilitated.
In this paper we discuss the problem of subsurface target imaging in lossy, inhomogeneous medium with the presence of the air-ground interface. A subsurface imaging radar system using optimal processing procedures and multifrequency holographic approach and characterizing with controlling parameters has been analyzed. It was found the values of contrast coefficient for subsurface object reconstruction on the background signal scattered by upper surface layer that demonstrate high resolution of the image estimated. The resolution of reconstructed images depends on the synthetic aperture length, soil type (electric conductivity and dielectric permittivity), geometrical parameters, central frequency, frequency band and antenna directivity. The novel filtering techniques was proposed in this paper. By mean of use new filters it is possible to increase the quality of the subsurface imaging. Different results of the numerical calculation and simulation of the filtering algorithms are presented. These results show the effectiveness of new algorithms of reconstruction and filtration in the problem of subsurface radar imaging.
Meeting the increased complicating of the problem of surfaces remote sensing with the synthesis aperture radar (SAR) use, requiring of more high level of resolution and accuracy and also of performing of the multiparametric measurings, the necessity of the multichannel SAR construction appears, which could receive signals in the different frequency bands, on the different types of polarization, from the different directions etc. In the proposed manuscript the algorithms of such combined processing are examined. These algorithms were synthesized by the solving of the optimization problems. They include the classic operations of the aperture synthesis and operations of the adaptive signal whitening, operations of the Earth covers parameters and statistical characteristics calculating as well.
Optimal algorithms of imaging extensive sources of intrinsic radioheat non-coherent radiation, and their electrophysical parameters and statistical characteristics (such as brightness and absolute temperatures, permittivity, means- square height and correlation radius of surface microirregularities, oil skin thickness etc.) estimation are studied in the case of constant surface parameters as well as in the case when values of parameters depend on surface coordinates. The peculiarity of these algorithms is that they are synthesized for a common case of wide- or superwide-band radiation detecting when the condition of spatial-temporal narrowbandness (quasi-monochromatic approximation) is broken. The algorithms are produced in the frame of maximum likelihood and maximum a posteriori probability density methods. indeterminacy functions of measuring systems are studied. Used mathematical apparatus is based on proposed transforms, that generalize the Fourier's, Laplace's and Fresnel's ones, as well as on proved theorems that extend the Van Zittert-Zernike theorem to the case of wide-band and superwide-band fields analysis.
The determination of the optimum experimental conditions to produce the best qualitative results is necessary both in active and passive microwave remote sensing (RS). In this paper we show the decision process involved in solving two problems connected with the selection of the best conditions for earth surface microwave RS: Calculation of the statistical relationship between scattered and proper surface radiation data for different kinds of surface sensed. Determination of the optimal algorithms and boundary accuracies for surface parameters by active and passive microwave sensors. Optimal estimation algorithms for surface parameters (dielectric permittivity, thermodynamical temperature, surface slop, spectral spatial components of rough surface height, etc.) have been found by a maximum likelihood function method. The results found can help to plan RS microwave experiments of surface parameter estimation with predicted accuracies.
For the inverse problem of recovering surface parameters from inherent radiation recorded by scanning radiometers, a maximum likeihood technique based on secondary processng in Wiener and Kalman filters is proposed.
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