Dr. Veena Theendakara Profile

Dr. Veena Theendakara

at QT Imaging Inc

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2020 Paper

Orthopedic and myopathic imaging with transmission ultrasound tomography: experimental verification, quantitative accuracy and clinical implications

James Wiskin, Bilal Malik, Veena Theendakara, John Klock

Proceedings Volume 11319, 113190W (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549759

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Ultrasonography, Magnetic resonance imaging, Scanners, Cartilage, Image segmentation, Skin, Bone, Breast

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Muscular Dystrophy (Duchenne) and osteoarthritis are important diseases requiring quantitative tissue measurement for accurate monitoring. MRI with Dixon Sequences, Nakagami statistics, elastography and radiography have been used in semi-quantitative modes to infer myopathy, articular cartilage damage, and exercise induced muscle damage. We establish the high resolution quantitative accuracy of transmission ultrasound imaging using both fresh and cadaver knee tissue. The use of fresh tissue obviates the possibility that cadaverous tissue has different speed of sound (SOS) values due to fixation. We show also that the fixation procedure changes the SOS values by about 0.1% to 0.4% fibroglandular tissue, fat and skin. The use of multiple transverse sections at varying distances from the tibiofemoral space ameliorates bias. Using a 6 mm diameter ROI at 20 successive levels, the SOS measured for the Vastus medialis was 1573 m/s with a 95% CI of +/-1.8 m/s. The average standard deviation (SD) for the ROI’s altogether was 25.9 m/s. The accepted SOS value for muscle from the IT’IS Foundation, Zurich, is 1588.4, SD = 21.6 m/s. Similar results for 6 mm diameter ROI’s in fat at successive transverse sections yields an average of 1438.7 m/s, the ROI SD’s averaged 20.5 m/s. The IT’IS values are 1440 m/s with SD 21.4 m/s. Cartilage gives similar agreement: literature value is 1660 m/s, and we measure 1655.4 m/s (SD 14.6) in 4 mm diameter ROI. We show regions that have no MR response yet are quantitatively imaged in 3D transmission ultrasound.

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