Microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) are increasingly used in ground-based (sub)millimeter-wave astronomy experiments. Two existing challenges to operating detector arrays remain in selecting excitation tones for each MKID where there are hundreds of resonators on the same feedline or network and that will yield the best combination of linearity and sensitivity. This is further complicated when operating arrays at ground-based telescopes, where variations in background loading from the atmosphere can induce significant shifts in MKID resonant frequencies and affect quality factors. We describe a quantitative method for optimal tuning of MKID arrays under dynamic loading conditions. We apply this new readout tuning technique to the 1.1 mm MKID array of the TolTEC camera at the Large Millimeter Telescope, where we incrementally change the readout power applied to investigate its effect. We perform in lab optical characterization of a CCAT Observatory MKID array to investigate optimal tuning under different loading conditions.
The TolTEC Camera, mounted on the Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT), is a 3-band continuum camera and polarimeter operating at millimeter wavelengths. This paper reviews our progress on the camera commissioning and its inaugural scientific programs, spanning the 2022/2023 commissioning phases and reviewing the winter 2024 science program. We report on mapping speed estimations, optical performance, and the first scientific imaging and polarimetry findings. Additionally, advancements in out-of-focus holography and the integration of two novel maximum likelihood mapmakers are discussed. We conclude with scientific forecasts for the first four TolTEC Legacy Surveys and an overview of the initiatives aimed at facilitating public access to the camera and the broader LMT infrastructure.
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