We report on optical properties and prospect applications on rare-earth doped oxyfluoride precursor glass and ensuing nano-glass-ceramics. We find out the spectral optical gain of the nano-glass-ceramics and show that its flatness and breadth are advantageous as compared to contemporary used erbium doped optical amplifiers. We present the possibility of flat gain cross-section erbium doped waveguide amplifiers as short 'chip', all-optical, devices capable of dense wavelength division multiplexing, including the potential for direct writing of these devices inside bulk glasses for three-dimensional photonic integration. We carried out a comparative study of the up-conversion luminescence in Er3+-doped and Yb3+-Er3+-Tm3+ co-doped samples, which indicates that these materials can be used as green/red tuneable up-conversion phosphors and white light simulation respectively. Observed changes in the spectra of the up-conversion luminescence provide a tool for tuning the colour opening the way for producing 3-dimensional optical recording.
Er3+ doped tellurite glasses have recently gained interest because of broad emission band in 1.5 μm telecom window. In this paper we present results of our research aiming at the fabrication of surface waveguides in these glasses. Tungsten-tellurite and zinc-tellurite glasses doped with various Er2O3 percentages have been prepared and the glass stability has been assessed based on difference between Tg and Tc (and Tm) when changing glass modifiers. Broad emission and absorption bands corresponding to transition between 4I13/2↔4I15/2 were observed as expected. Lifetimes of the 4I13/2 level were also measured. Ag+-Na+ ion-exchange was performed with a molten salt composition based on AgNO3, KNO3 and NaNO3. Surface quality of the processed samples was analyzed in order to assess the homogeneity and chemical durability of the surface waveguides. Waveguiding was successfully obtained in both types of glasses and the process was characterized with the prism coupling technique. Several propagation modes at different wavelengths were detected and the diffusion process was characterized for the different concentrations of erbium ions.
We have fabricated ultra-transparent glass-ceramics in the system (SiO2)(Al2O3)(CdF2)(PbF2)(ZnF2):x(ErF3). Intensity, width and Stark-splitting of emission and absorption spectra of Er3+-dopants at 1.5 micron (4I13/2↔4I15/2 transitions) change with the size of PbF2 nano-crystals hosting Er3+ dopants. We report the broadest and flattest emission spectrum of Er3+ and largest wavelength divergence of emission and absorption spectra for 4I13/2↔4I15/2 transitions to date. Er3+ dopants are efficient nucleation centres in (SiO2)(Al2O3)(CdF2)(PbF2)(ZnF2):x(ErF3) oxy-fluoride glasses when heat-treated at 20 to 80°C above glass transition temperature Tg. The emission spectrum of Er3+ at 1.54 micron for the resulting glass-ceramics (GC) is the broadest (75 nm at the half-height-width in developed GC and up to 90 nm in quasi GC) and flattest (especially between 1530 to 1560 nm in quasi GC) to date to our knowledge. The broadness is of benefit for Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier (EDFA) operating in the 1.54 micron fibre optic telecommunication window. The flatness is of benefit in the most often employed C-band of EDFA. We have achieved the largest reported wavelength divergence to date in the maximum of absorption (1505 nm) and emission (1544 nm) spectra of Er3+ in developed GC, which again is of benefit for reduction of noise in the EDFA caused by overlap of emission and absorption bands at about 1.54 μm (i.e. self-absorption).
In this work we report on spectroscopic properties of Er3+-doped aluminum fluorophosphate glasses of molar composition 29.8AlF3:3.5 MgF2: 19.8 CaF2: 10.9 SrF2: 12.8 BaF2: 8.4 YF3:9.8 ZrF4:4 NaPO3:1 ErF3 and 30 AlF3:3.5 MgF2:20 CaF2: 11 SrF2: 13 BaF2: 8.4 YF3: 10 ZrF4: 4 NaPO3: 0.1 ErF3, and Er3+-doped tellurite glasses of molar composition 75 TeO2: 12 ZnO: 10 Na2O: 2 PbO: 1 Er2O3 and 75 TeO2: 12 ZnO: 10 Na2O: 2 GeO2: 1 Er2O3. Absorption and Stokes luminescence upon visible excitation were measured. Emission in the third telecom window was observed upon excitation at 514.5 nm and the lifetime of the 4I13/2 level was measured. IR-to-visible up conversion emission under continuous-wave laser excitation at 976 nm was observed. The up conversion results in a strong green emission and a weaker red emission, whose intensity shows a quadratic dependence on the excitation power, indicating that two photons are involved in the process. Lifetime measurements were performed in order to study the dynamical behavior of the up conversion emission and to clarify the contributions of excited state absorption and energy transfer to the up conversion process.
Intense upconversion of yellow-to-blue, in Pr3+- doped, and green-to-blue in Er3+-doped aluminum fluoride glasses is reported. Pulsed excitations inside the 3H4 yields 1D2 absorption band of Pr3+ results in blue emission which is ascribed to the 3P0 yields 3H4 transition. We found that the temporal evolution of the upconverted fluorescence is characterized by rise and decay times depending on Pr3+ concentration. The upconversion mechanism is a two step process due to the energy transfer involving a pair of Pr3+ ions. The data indicate a high solubility of the Pr3+ ions without clustering at the doping level between 0.1 - 1% mol Pr3+. Measurements performed in Er3+ doped glasses indicate a good quantum yield of the upconversion emission confirming the high solubility of Er3+ ions in the aluminum fluoride glasses.
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