This paper, presents a novel low-cost, compact, rugged, optical rotational sensor. The optical sensor is based on optical
navigation technology, which measures changes in position by optically acquiring sequential surface images (frames)
through a CCD array and mathematically determining direction and magnitude of angular displacement. Further the
efficiency of the system was tested by placing the sensor 2mm above a circular disc; it was moved through a known
angle. A stepper motor and a rotary stage were chosen as the references for providing the rotary motion. It was found
that sensing larger radii which corresponds to a higher resolution, the scale factor of the displacement vector increased
proportionally, thereby demonstrating good linearity. It was also observed that slower sensitivity (rotation rate) had a
higher accuracy pointing to a trade off between frame rate and accuracy of measurement. The sensor has a resolution of
0.12° and a best accuracy of 99%.The sensor would find applications in Inertial Navigation systems and autonomous
robots.
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