High resolution DWDM devices based on the principles of gratings (planar, Bragg, AWG, etc.) and Fabry-Perots (etalon, Lummer-Gehrke plate, etc.) suffer from inherent limitations due to (i) temporal pulse stretching of data, and (ii) broadening of time integrated spectral (demuxed) fringes. While the relation, dνFdt >1, can account for these limitations, our analysis imply that dnF does not represent real, physical frequencies. We explain the broader implications of this interpretation in designing DWDM devices based on gratings and Fabry-Perots and illustrate how to use prisms, photonic crystals and non-linear devices for very high data rate per channel.
FEM for electromagnetic simulation with absorbing boundary condition is applied to the design of polarizers, and the characteristics of metal sheet polarizers has been studied numerically. The dimensions of Au and Al metal sheet polarizers, which give enough performance as practical polarizers with much thinner structure than conventional polarizers, are presented. An Al metal sheet polarizer with comparable performance to Au metal sheet polarizer can be achieved by applying thinner Al metal sheets than the thickness of Au metal sheets. However, the performance given by Al metal sheet polarizer should be taken care, because the relative permittivity of Al film varies largely according to the film condition. Though Au and Al metal sheet polarizers exhibit high performance, the reflectance of TE polarization is higher than that of conventional polarizers. Therefore, the stray light should be paid attention more than conventional ones. The metal sheet polarizer exhibits enough high polarization performance for wide range of wavelength over 5 times as large as the distance between the metal sheets. The characteristics of metal fiber polarizers are also simulated. The metal fiber polarizers need much finer and thicker structure than metal sheet polarizers to exhibit enough performance.
KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Polarization, Photons, Diffraction, Ray tracing, Systems modeling, Near field diffraction, Interfaces, Particles, Computer simulations
We present the numerical tests for a Monte Carlo ray-tracing model. The model has been extended to simulate not only geometrical but also physical optics phenomena, including polarization, diffraction, and interference of light. Light beams are represented by a flux of simulated particles (photons) carrying a complex vector characteristic that contains information about amplitude and phase of electromagnetic field oscillations. The model allows simulations of polarization phenomena in global coordinates. It has been verified by predicting the results that perfectly match those derived from the Fresnel formulae for unpolarized light reflection/refraction at the interface of two media. The capability of handling diffraction and interference has been tested on the problems of Fraunhofer diffraction at an infinite slit and circular aperture, and Fresnel diffraction at a semi-infinite knife-edge plane. The results obtained for the former compare fairly well with the analytical solutions from the wave theory, whereas, for the latter, there is only a qualitative agreement with the fringe pattern deduced from the Cornu spiral.
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