KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Image fusion, Network architectures, Convolutional neural networks, Electron microscopes, Scanning electron microscopy, Image processing algorithms and systems, Data modeling, Fusion energy, Cancer
Recent studies have empowered that the relation between mitochondrial function and degenerative disorder- s is related to aging diseases. Due to the rapid development of electron microscope (EM), stacks delivered by EM can be used to investigate the link between mitochondrial function and physical structure. Whereas, one of the main challenges in mitochondria research is developing suitable segmentation algorithms to obtain the shapes of mitochondria. Nowadays, Deep Neural Network (DNN) has been widely applied in solving the neuron membrane segmentation problems in virtue of its exceptional performance. For this reason, its appli- cation to mitochondria segmentation holds great promise. In this paper, we propose an effective deep learning approach to realize mitochondria segmentation in Automated Tape-Collecting Ultra Microtome Scanning Elec- tron Microscopy (ATUM-SEM) stacks. The proposed algorithm contains three parts: (1) utilizing histogram equalization algorithm as image preprocessing to keep the consistency of dataset; (2) putting forward a fusion fully convolution network (FCN), which is motivated by the principle the deeper, the better, to build a much deeper network architecture for more accurate mitochondria segmentation; and (3) employing fully connected conditional random field (CRF) to optimize segmentation results. Evaluation was performed on a dataset of a stack of 31 slices from ATUM-SEM, with 20 images used for training and 11 images for testing. For comparison, U-Net approach was evaluated through the same dataset. Jaccard index between the automated segmentation and expert manual segmentations indicates that our method (90.1%) outperforms U-Net (87.9%) and has a preferable performance on mitochondria segmentation with different shapes and sizes.
KEYWORDS: Two photon imaging, In vivo imaging, Deconvolution, Image enhancement, Axons, Image segmentation, Brain, 3D image processing, 3D image enhancement, Image processing
Activity-dependent changes in the synaptic connections of the brain are tightly related to learning and memory. Previous studies have shown that essentially all new synaptic contacts were made by adding new partners to existing synaptic elements. To further explore synaptic dynamics in specific pathways, concurrent imaging of pre and postsynaptic structures in identified connections is required. Consequently, considerable attention has been paid for the automated detection of axonal boutons. Different from most previous methods proposed in vitro data, this paper considers a more practical case in vivo neuron images which can provide real time information and direct observation of the dynamics of a disease process in mouse. Additionally, we present an automated approach for detecting axonal boutons by starting with deconvolving the original images, then thresholding the enhanced images, and reserving the regions fulfilling a series of criteria. Experimental result in vivo two-photon imaging of mouse demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed method.
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