The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) Pathfinder (CPF) consists of an Earthviewing reflected solar (RS) spectrometer that will measure the Earth-reflected solar radiation from International Space Station with an SI-traceable radiometric uncertainty of 0.3% (1-sigma). The high-accuracy CPF measurements will provide an in-orbit reference for intercalibrating other spaceflight RS instruments. The CPF intercalibration team has been tasked to develop a state-of-the-art approach to calibrate the shortwave channel (300-5000 nm) of the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument and the reflective solar bands (RSB) of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument, both onboard the NOAA-20 satellite, against the CPF benchmark measurements. The aimed intercalibration methodology uncertainty for both the target instruments is also 0.3%. To meet this stringent intercalibration accuracy, the CPF team has developed methods for mitigating the impacts of spatial, spectral, and angular differences between the intercalibration footprints from the CPF and target instruments. To further alleviate uncertainty, the CPF team will employ Polarization Distribution Models (PDMs) to characterize the polarization state of the Earth-reflected radiance as a function of the intercalibration footprint scene type, solar and viewing geometry, and wavelength. The PDMs will assist in identifying low-polarized scene radiances for meticulously intercalibrating the polarization sensitive VIIRS instrument against the significantly-less polarization-sensitive CPF instrument. This paper will highlight the CPF mission overview, the details of the CPF intercalibration approach, and additional outcomes of the CPF intercalibration studies that may benefit the broader remote sensing community.
We are investigating the potential of the “vortex” laser beam to provide additional information of natural scenes from aircraft and space-based lidars. This type of beam has a spatial wavefront with a helical twist that creates an optical singularity on axis, and carries orbital angular momentum. We will report on preliminary results for differences in Rayleigh-Mie scattering, and scattering from rough surfaces, and plans for future studies.
In this work, the super-thin cloud detection algorithm [1], that uses the polarization angle of the backscattered solar
radiation to find the super-thin clouds, is briefly reviewed and the retrieval of the optical thickness of these clouds is
proposed. We found that at the neighborhood angles of the backscattering direction, these clouds can be reliably
detected. The polarized components of the reflected light may be used to retrieve the optical thickness of these
clouds.
Biological cells can be considered as dielectric objects with a given refractive index distribution. Light scattering simulations provide us with an efficient tool for studying cell morphology as well as the nature of scattering and its sources. The analysis of this information is the basis for a better understanding and development of new optical methods for non-invasive biomedical diagnostics. Here we demonstrate the potential of Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method based software tools for the simulation of light scattering from single cells in situations where other approaches simply do not work or the approximations inherited in them begin to be questionable.
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