Ms. Wendy A. Hubbard Profile

Wendy A. Hubbard

at BAE SYSTEMS Operations Ltd

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Publications (4)

Proceedings Article | 25 September 2017 Open Access

CMOS sensors for atmospheric imaging

Jérôme Pratlong, David Burt, Paul Jerram, Frédéric Mayer, Andrew Walker, Robert Simpson, Steven Johnson, Wendy Hubbard

Proceedings Volume 10562, 105622N (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2296044

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Silicon, Astronomical imaging, CMOS sensors, Photodiodes, Capacitance, Magnesium, Atmospheric sensing, Dielectrics, Ions

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Recent European atmospheric imaging missions have seen a move towards the use of CMOS sensors for the visible and NIR parts of the spectrum. These applications have particular challenges that are completely different to those that have driven the development of commercial sensors for applications such as cell-phone or SLR cameras. This paper will cover the design and performance of general-purpose image sensors that are to be used in the MTG (Meteosat Third Generation) and MetImage satellites and the technology challenges that they have presented. We will discuss how CMOS imagers have been designed with 4T pixel sizes of up to 250 μm square achieving good charge transfer efficiency, or low lag, with signal levels up to 2M electrons and with high line rates. In both devices a low noise analogue read-out chain is used with correlated double sampling to suppress the readout noise and give a maximum dynamic range that is significantly larger than in standard commercial devices. Radiation hardness is a particular challenge for CMOS detectors and both of these sensors have been designed to be fully radiation hard with high latch-up and single-event-upset tolerances, which is now silicon proven on MTG. We will also cover the impact of ionising radiation on these devices. Because with such large pixels the photodiodes have a large open area, front illumination technology is sufficient to meet the detection efficiency requirements but with thicker than standard epitaxial silicon to give improved IR response (note that this makes latch up protection even more important). However with narrow band illumination reflections from the front and back of the dielectric stack on the top of the sensor produce Fabry-Perot étalon effects, which have been minimised with process modifications. We will also cover the addition of precision narrow band filters inside the MTG package to provide a complete imaging subsystem. Control of reflected light is also critical in obtaining the required optical performance and this has driven the development of a black coating layer that can be applied between the active silicon regions.

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Proceedings Article | 12 October 2010 Paper

Detection of disturbed earth using hyperspectral LWIR imaging data

Wendy Hubbard, Gary Bishop, Jean-Philippe Gagnon, Philippe Lagueux, Sion Hannuna, Neill Campbell

Proceedings Volume 7835, 78350T (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.869838

KEYWORDS: Long wavelength infrared, Sensors, Infrared imaging, Infrared sensors, Hyperspectral imaging, Infrared radiation, Calibration, Soil science, Imaging systems, Improvised explosive devices

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Proceedings Article | 2 October 2008 Paper

Multispectral-polarimetric sensing for detection of difficult targets

Wendy Hubbard, Gary Bishop, Trevor Gowen, Daniel Hayter, Greg Innes

Proceedings Volume 7113, 71130L (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.801889

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Sensors, Short wave infrared radiation, Polarimetry, Image processing, Multispectral imaging, Image sensors, Modeling, Cameras, Polarization

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Proceedings Article | 26 July 1999 Paper

Feature measurement augmentation for a dynamic programming-based IR target detection algorithm in the naval environment

Wendy Hubbard, Greg Page, Brian Carroll, Don Manson

Proceedings Volume 3698, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.354489

KEYWORDS: Image filtering, Image processing, Detection and tracking algorithms, Algorithm development, Target detection, Clouds, Environmental sensing, Sensors, Sun, Inspection

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