Modern information networks are built on hybrid systems working at disparate optical wavelengths. Coherent interconnects for converting photons between different wavelengths are highly desired. Although coherent interconnects have conventionally been realized with nonlinear optical effects, those systems require demanding experimental conditions, such as phase matching and/or cavity enhancement, which not only bring difficulties in experimental implementation but also set a narrow tuning bandwidth (typically in the MHz to GHz range as determined by the cavity linewidth). Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate coherent information transfer between two orthogonally propagating light beams of disparate wavelengths in a fiber-based optomechanical system, which does not require phase matching or cavity enhancement of the pump beam. The coherent process is demonstrated by interference phenomena similar to optomechanically induced transparency and absorption. Our scheme not only significantly simplifies the experimental implementation of coherent wavelength conversion but also extends the tuning bandwidth to that of an optical fiber (tens of THz), which will enable a broad range of coherent-optics-based applications, such as optical sensing, spectroscopy, and communication.
The force exerted by electromagnetic fields is of fundamental importance in physics. Intense debates on the conventionally accepted Lorentz formulation and the recently suggested Einstein–Laub formulation still continue due to lack of experimental evidences. To distinguish these two formulations, we experimentally investigated the topological charge of optical force in a solid dielectric, and found that the force exerted by a Gaussian beam has components with topological charge of both 2 and 0, which agrees with neither the Lorentz nor Einstein–Laub formulation. Instead, we found a modified Helmholtz theory could explain our experimental results. This work not only contributes to the ultimate determination of the correct force formulation in classical electrodynamics, but also has broad and far-reaching impact on many subjects involving electromagnetic forces.
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