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Volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) with programmable angular selectivity from 0.1mrad to 10mrad and high efficiency of 99 % is an effective filtering element to clean up the spatial modulations in laser beams. The FM-to-AM conversion is studied with a sinusoidal phase modulation laser pulse with the bandwidth of 0.30nm and 0.15nm, and is demonstrated with an YLF laser with the wavelength of 1053 nm and pulse width of 3ns. The experimental results show that FM to AM conversion level is increasing with the decrease of the spectrum selectivity bandwidth of the VBGs. At the VBG spectrum selectivity bandwidth of 7.9 nm, the FM to AM conversion level is reduced to about 6% for 0.3 nm and 3.5% for 0.15nm, which can be used in high power laser for controlling the beam spot on the target.
In this paper, the band-stop angular filtering is performed and characterized. The band-stop angular filtering is demonstrated with a YLF laser with the wavelength of 1053 nm. The TBGs used in the experiment has the angular selectivity of 1.35mrad, the period of 1.97μm and the diffraction efficiencies of about 92%. Since part of the characteristic spatial frequencies was cleared out with the band-stop angular filter, there was an intensity drop on the edge of the filtered beam. The optical axis for the incident and output beams keeps basically coaxial after filtering, which can be used as a plug-and-play device in the high-power laser systems. The characteristic spatial frequency of 1.98mm-1 corresponds to the TBG deviation angle of 1.35mrad, and the spatial frequencies around the characteristic frequency of 1.98mm-1 were reduced to 20% compared to that of the original beam. The desired bands in the laser beam can be filtered with different TBGs, which has potential applications in high power lasers.
Besides, the simulation results show that the intensity distribution profile of the transverse modes become smooth with the insertion of VBG, but the diffraction losses of transverse modes are increasing, and the diffraction loss increases with the order number of transverse modes increasing. Moreover, the loss difference between modes is getting large under the effect of VBG. The high loss difference between different modes is good for transverse mode selection, and VBG with reasonable angular selectivity in laser resonator will force the multi-mode to operate in a single transverse mode, which may has potential applications in lasers.
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