Vibration detection and analysis can provide raw data for early detection, diagnosis, and prevention of mechanical faults. Meanwhile, fiber Bragg grating(FBG) sensors offer advantages such as strong anti-interference capability, high precision, and high signal-to-noise ratio compared to traditional electro-mechanical sensors. Addressing the limitation of traditional fiber optic grating-based vibration sensing systems, which is constrained by the Nyquist theorem, an FBG-based OFDR vibration sensing system is proposed. Leveraging the Doppler effect, this system achieves the capability of measuring high vibration frequencies at low repetition rates. Additionally, an adaptive orthogonal demodulation algorithm is introduced to mitigate the spectral broadening issue caused by the non-negligible grating length. Experimental results demonstrate that this system can measure vibration frequencies as high as 30 kHz with a repetition rate of 10 Hz. Comparative analyses between experimental and simulated data validate the performance advantages of the proposed demodulation algorithm.
Ballistocardiogram (BCG) is a technique for monitoring cardiac function, and the characteristic peaks of the BCG signal are important. However, due to individual differences, especially when the subject has cardiac dysfunction, waveform distortion occurs in the BCG signal, making traditional peak localization algorithms insufficiently adaptive. This study, based on the principle of waveform consistency in the BCG signals of the same subject, first locates the J peak, then segments the cardiac cycle, builds a template, and finally achieves peak localization by dynamic time warping matching between the template and the remaining cardiac cycles. A fiber optic sensing monitoring system is used to collect BCG signals from 10 healthy subjects. Three technicians annotate the feature peak groups according to the rules and ensure reliability using the Kappa coefficient. The experimental result shows that the overall accuracy of the algorithm was 91.7%. This method can method can help monitor cardiac function by detecting characteristic peaks in BCG signals
A differential-unwrap-integral-regression-extension (DUIRE) algorithm is proposed to improve the dynamic range of Φ -OTDR system. By applying differential and integral operations, the π -phase constraint can be alleviated, and then the upper limit of the system’s dynamic range can be improved. Through empirical mode decomposition (EMD) operation, the phase noise level is reduced, thereby extending the lower limit of the dynamic range. The experiment results show that compared with the traditional algorithm, the DUIRE algorithm is improved by 1.93 times on the maximum measurable strain (MAMS), and on phase noise level, the DUIRE is reduced by 5.64 dB rad / √Hz @1 kHz.
The fiber optic ultrasonic transducer is resistant to electromagnetic interference and is highly multiplexable. Current optical fiber ultrasonic transducers are mainly used in medical imaging and non-destructive testing (NDT). The current ultrasonic transducer excites a weak ultrasonic signal, which limits its application in large area NDT. This work presents a method for the preparation of a large core diameter optical fiber ultrasonic transducer. Through experimental optimization, the transducer was able to excite an ultrasonic signal with a frequency of 0.449 MHz, a pulse width of about 25 μs and a peakto-peak value of 120 mV.
We report a distributed fiber optic parametric amplifier (FOPA). The effects of pumping and fiber parameters on the gain characteristics of the distributed FOPA are investigated. Combined with the simulation results, the, it indicates the necessity of low attenuation coefficient fiber in distributed fiber parametric amplification system, the importance of low dispersion slope for gain spectral width and the limited role of pump optical power for effective amplification distance enhancement of the system.
The all-fiber photoacoustic system can work properly in the harsh environment of electromagnetic interference and has the potential advantage of achieving a wide range of distributed detection. However, the ultrasound signal of all-fiber system is affected by signal mode mixing, which will have an impact on defect identification and localization, and the time varying filtering based empirical mode decomposition (TVF-EMD) algorithm is used to solve the effect of mode mixing. According to different modes with different signal characteristics, this work proposes a defect identification and localization method based on an all-fiber photoacoustic NDT system. After experimental testing, the method can identify and locate the number and shape of defects in a thin metal plate with a bar-shaped penetration defect of aluminum alloy 6061 of size 50*50*0.1 cm3.
In recent years, the research on acoustic impedance sensing based on Forward Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (FSBS) has made great progress. Here, we propose a method of enhance excitation in multi-point frequency division multiplexing acoustic impedance detection based on FSBS. The external acoustic impedance of different fibers can be distinguished by specific frequency peaks in fibers with different diameters based on the fiber resonance center frequency determined by FSBS. Pulse-modulated light is used to make the pulsed light carry a specific resonance center frequency, so as to directionally enhance the excitation of the corresponding FSBS mode and achieve high-energy transmission. This experiment verifies that the sensor size of 0.6 m can complete the acoustic impedance sensing of multiple locations.
A distributed forward Brillouin scattering (FBS) sensor facilitated by coherent detection is proposed and demonstrated for the acoustic impedance measurement of the surrounding. In virtue of a chirped fiber Bragg grating array, an enhanced backward-propagating sensing signal is generated. By mixing the sensing signal with the intrinsic light, heterodyne coherent detection is realized. The FBS gain spectrum of a selected acoustic mode is then reconstructed from the beat signal, requiring only one round of frequency sweep.
Monitoring the generation and expansion of fatigue cracks in mechanical structures is critical to structural safety. To solve this problem, an optical sensing method for identifying crack propagation in mechanical structures is proposed. On-line monitoring of crack location, length, and expansion direction during crack propagation is achieved by combining micro-cavity array (MCA) fiber and optical frequency domain reflection (OFDR) system. Two adjacent ultra-short FBGs are used as a micro-cavity (MC) sensing element to obtain the strain distribution near the crack tip through a high spatial resolution distributed strain detection system. The crack state is obtained by combining the classical theoretical model, and a near real-time detection is achieved. Thereby, the system can perform an online monitoring and timely alarms on cracks. In this paper, we show the monitoring of the crack state during the process of preset crack length of 20 mm and crack propagation to 50 mm. An MCA fiber with 2542 MC elements with a spatial resolution of 1 mm is densely laid perpendicular to the crack tip direction. The crack propagation process is realized by using fatigue machine to apply cyclic load on aluminum alloy specimen, the distribution of non-uniform strain field of aluminum alloy specimen is obtained by detecting the wavelength drift of each MC element in the MCA fiber. In the test result, the distribution of the non-uniform strain field of the aluminum alloy specimen measured by the MC element is consistent with the simulation results. Consistently, the location of the crack tip and the detection of the crack length can be realized according to the distribution of the non-uniform strain field, and the feasibility of the aluminum alloy crack extension recognition system based on the MCA fiber is verified.
In this paper, a dual-wavelength chaotic light source is proposed and demonstrated based on a fiber ring laser (FRL) with a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as the intra-cavity gain element. By properly adjusting the bias current and the polarization, the SOA-FRL generates a high-dimension chaotic optical output with 24-nm optical bandwidth. The temporal instability of the output originates from the optical feedback, as well as the nonlinear effects of both the SOA and the long fiber. With optical-to-electrical conversion, the output electrical signal presents a bandwidth of 13 GHz, which is only limited by the bandwidth of the detection system. By inserting a tunable bandpass filter (TBPF) into the cavity, the chaotic emission bandwidth is limited to 3.2 nm. The output is then divided into two parallel channels using a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM). Autocorrelation of the two outputs confirms fair randomness, while the cross-correlation result verifies the independence of the two. With multi-bit sampling and over-sampling, dual-channel true random number generation (TRNG) up to 960 Gbps per channel is achieved. Random sampling periods are adopted to reduce the influence of the time-delay signature (TDS), which originates from the round-trip delay of the laser cavity and affects the randomness of the output. At a significance level of 0.01 and a random sampling ratio of 10-4 , the generated random bits can pass all the tests provided by the NITS SP800-22 test tool.
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