In this talk, first, we describe chip-scale coherent mode-locking in microresonator frequency combs, verified by interferometric femtosecond timing jitter measurements and phase-resolved ultrafast spectroscopy. Normal dispersion sub-100-fs mode-locking is also observed, supporting by nonlinear modeling and analytics. Second we describe the noise limits in full microcomb stabilization, locking down both repetition rate and one comb line against a reference. Active stabilization improves the long-term stability to an instrument-limited residual instability of 3.6 mHz per root tau and a tooth-to-tooth relative frequency uncertainty down to 50 mHz and 2.7×10−16. Third we describe graphene-silicon nitride hybrid microresonators for tunable frequency modes, variants of soliton mode-locked states and crystals, and controllable Cerenkov radiation. Our studies provide a platform towards precision spectroscopy, frequency metrology, timing clocks, and coherent communications.
Forward phase-matched Brillouin optomechanical resonance, excited by a tapered fiber, in a graphene inner-deposited whispering-gallery-mode microfluidic cavity, is demonstrated for the first time. The generated Brillouin optomechanical modes with Q factor ≈ 47000 show extremely high sensitivity (200kHz/ppm) for absolute gas detection based on frequency variation, achieving a detection limit down to 1 ppb and a dynamic range >105 orders of magnitude.
An all-fiber graphene oxide (GO) based 'FRET on Fiber' concept is proposed and applied in biochemical detections. This method is of both good selectivity and high sensitivity, with detection limits of 1.2 nM, 1.3 μM and 1 pM, for metal ion, dopamine and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), respectively.
The excitation of surface field and evanescent enhancement in the graphene based optical waveguide have shown sensitive to the refractive index of surrounding media and potential applications in high-sensitivity biochemical sensing. In this paper, we investigate the graphene-coated microfiber Bragg gratings (GMFBGs) with different diameters for ammonia gas sensing. The maximum sensitivity with 6 pm/ppm is achieved experimentally when the microfiber’s diameter is ~10 μm. Moreover, by adjusting the diameter of the GMFBG, the sensing performance of the GMFBGs can be optimized. Experimental results indicate, when the diameter is range of 8~12 μm, the GMFBG shows the characteristics of high sensitivity, relative low attenuation, and large dynamic range.
A high sensitivity NH3 gas sensor based on graphene/microfiber hybrid waveguide (GMHW) is reported for the first time. Enhanced by the graphene, a very high sensitivity of 0.3ppm is achieved for GMHW-based NH3 gas sensing. This work may open a window for development of novel GMHW-based gas sensors with high sensitivity, small footprint, easy fabrication and low cost.
KEYWORDS: Graphene, Fiber Bragg gratings, Sensors, Reflection, Chemical analysis, Gas sensors, Refractive index, Adsorption, Biological and chemical sensing, Signal attenuation
In this paper, a novel graphene-coated microfiber Bragg grating (GMFBG) sensor is proposed and demonstrated for detection of gas concentration, for the first time. Taking advantage of the surface field enhancement and polar molecular adsorption by the graphene film, we find that this structure is very sensitive to local chemical gas concentration, and the obtained sensitivities are 0.2 and 0.5ppm for NH3 and Xylene gas for tiny gas variation, respectively. Such a miniature GMFBG sensor could find applications in biological or chemical sensing, such as for trace analysis.
In this paper, a novel method to sensing the complex refractive index (CRI) of graphene waveguide (GW) is demonstrated. Theoretical analysis and simulated results indicate the spectral properties of evanescent wave guided by microfiber would be modulated by the GW nearby. In experiment, evanescent waves with wavelength from 1510nm to 1590nm transimitting on the surface of the GW for a few centimeters, which are launched and collected by specially designed microfiber knot sensors (MFKSs). Repeated experiments and statistic results verifie that the CRI of the GW varies from 2.59-i2.66 to 2.51-i2.84 for 1510nm-1590nm band. Such an application of MFKS is suitable not only for the GW, but also for other thin films, which would be significant for the design and research of state-of-art optical devices.
Graphene's featureless optical absorption, ultrahigh carrier mobility and optical modulation capacity would enable a new
breed of optical devices with novel photonics characteristics. The complex refractive index (CRI) of graphene can be
modulated by its local boundary conditions when molecules are attaching on the surface of the graphene layer, leading to
change in the CRI of graphene, which would induce altered properties of the evanescent wave propagating between the
graphene film and optical waveguide. In this paper, a novel fiber-optic sensor concept that integrates the graphene film
onto a microfiber is proposed to detect the molecular concentration based on TE intensity measurement. The theoretical
investigation shows that such a sensor could offer a solution for realization of a variety of high sensitivity and fast
response molecular sensing in biological, medical and chemical fields.
In this paper, a novel graphene-based microfiber sensor is proposed and demonstrated for detection of gas concentration for the first time. As the complex refractive index (CRI) of graphene can be modulated by gas molecules in the surrounding environment, the propagating light along the graphene layer coupled by the microfiber would be altered to induce the attenuation of polarization mode intensity. Based on such a unique TE-polarization mode attenuation feature of graphene, experimental results showed that the acetone concentration can be measured accurately and quickly. Such an approach could open a window for realization of a variety of highly sensitive and fast gas or liquid sensors based on graphene, for wide applications in biological, medical and chemical fields.
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