Irradiation effects of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) induced by femtosecond-pulsed extreme ultraviolet (EUV) were investigated using Soft X-ray free electron laser (SXFEL) for realization of next generation extreme ultraviolet free electron laser (EUV-FEL) lithography. The sensitivity of PMMA upon exposure to femtosecond-pulsed SXFEL was much higher than that measured for conventional nanosecond-pulsed EUV source. The sensitivity enhancement upon exposure to femtosecond-pulsed SXFEL is similar to the result obtained using laser-induced-plasma based Soft X-ray laser (SXRL) (picosecond-pulsed EUV). This result speculates the reactions induced by femtosecond-pulsed SXFEL and picosecond-pulsed XRL were almost same, but it was different from those induced by nanosecond-pulsed EUV.
Some hybrid inorganic-organic resist materials known as metal-oxo clusters were synthesized and lithographic characteristics were investigated. In particular, the dissolution behaviors of metal oxo clusters were investigated by development analyzer. Our results indicated that the solubility of metal oxo clusters thin films decreased by the exposure to KrF, ArF and electron beam (EB). We clarified the sensitivity in Ti-based oxo clusters was higher than that of Zr-based oxo clusters in both KrF and ArF exposure. The dissolution rate in two kinds of metal oxo cluters was almost same in both KrF and ArF exposure. Furthermore, the dissolution contrast of Ti-based oxo clusters was higher compared to Zr-based oxo clusters. Metal oxo clusters resists have the potential as future negative tone photoresist and EB resist materials.
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