In this study, a complete set of solid waste management model is proposed for the environmental problems caused by the rapid increase of solid waste production and the imperfect management mode of small and medium-sized cities in the process of urbanization. The model consists of database construction and management scheme planning. The database includes spatial data and attribute data, and the management scheme is the process of resource utilization and terminal processing and disposal in the late management. This set of solid waste management model not only focuses on the planned region, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province, but also focuses on the process and difficulties of database construction and scheme planning, which is especially reflected in the combination of field research and remote sensing analysis in database construction to obtain local road data, community division, solid waste information, etc. The solid waste is divided according to the nature and use of various types of solid waste from the source, and GIS is applied to the scheme design to form a set of solid waste treatment mode supported by GIS that is more suitable for Ankang and similar small and medium-sized cities in the process of urbanization, so as to provide theoretical and data support for solid waste management in Ankang, to realize the optimal control and resource utilization of each step of solid waste from generation to terminal treatment, and serve as a reference for solving some solid waste problems in the development of other small and medium-sized cities in the process of urbanization.
Based on GIS method and data from every five years from 2000 to 2020, this paper shows the distribution of ecological vulnerability in Nagqu using the ecological vulnerability index (EVI) and discusses its potential driving factors. The areas with high EVI aggregated in the southeastern Nagqu surrounding Seni district and the western Nagqu such as Nima County. In the rest of the areas except for Shuanghu County, there had been a sharp increase in EVI. To find the driving factors for the distribution pattern and trend, we choose the most weighted factors: population, animal husbandry, and economy. With analyses of these factors, we conclude that animal husbandry might account for the long-term distribution of ecological vulnerability in Nagqu. The changes in population and economy have a similar trend to the change in EVI, thus we conclude the two factors are possibly responsible for the recent EVI change. We also find that the relative vulnerable areas have different driving factors of vulnerability. In southeastern Nagqu, population and economy are the main factors. While in the west, animal husbandry plays more role. This indicates that different methods of management should be considered in different areas, and lower-scale studies are needed for future management.
This study collected data related to ecological environment, society and economy in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture from 2000 to 2015, and used ArcGIS 10.4.1 and Fragstats 4.2 software to analyze the ecological vulnerability of the area by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In the research process, construct a DPSIR-EES conceptual model that combines the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Respinse (DPSIR) model and Ecology-Economy-Social (EES), using Delphi and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analyze the changes in time and space of ecological security in Yushu area from 2000 to 2015. At the same time, questionnaire survey was used to analyze residents' cognition of ecological environment in Yushu area. Finally, the paper analyzes the changes and trends of ecological security in the "Ecology-Economy-Social" complex ecosystem formed on the basis of traditional production and lifestyle in Yushu. The results show that: 1) There are differences in the time and space dimensions of the ecological vulnerability of Yushu. In the time dimension, there is a weak trend toward both ends, and the spatial dimension shows a trend of high in the northwest, general in the middle, and low in the southeast. 2) There are differences in the spatial dimension of Yushu ecological security. The eastern region is significantly higher than the western region, showing the distribution characteristics of insecurity in the northwest, early warning in the central region, and security in the southeast. In the time dimension, the range of changes in each degree is less than 5%, and there is a bipolar development weak trend. 3) Residents in Yushu Prefecture whose main body is farmers and herdsmen have a better understanding of the overall situation of ecological security. 4) The natural climatic conditions and traditional production and lifestyles in Yushu area jointly affect the ecological security status. Ecological security conditions are poor in areas with harsh natural conditions and underdeveloped economies, while ecological security conditions in areas with relatively superior natural and economic conditions are relatively good.
With the further acceleration of China's urbanization process, atmospheric pollution is increasing, and haze occurs frequently throughout the country, exposing a series of urban planning problems in China's urban development, which pose new challenges and requirements for the future development of urban planning. In view of the direct causal relationship between haze and urban planning and management, we can put forward new planning ideas by exploring the relationship between the spatial distribution of urban planning and haze, so as to clarify the focus and development strategy of urban planning in the haze era. The application of modern geographic information technology can optimize the level of urban planning management, thus realizing the goal of modern urban planning. Based on the remote sensing data of Anshan City in 2016, this study divided the functional areas of the city, analyzed the air quality data of the study area for four consecutive months from November 2016 to March 2017, and analyzed the impact of the landscape ecological planning pattern of Anshan City on the spatial distribution of haze through GIS spatial analysis technology. The research shows that the urban landscape pattern of Anshan has a very important impact on the formation of haze. Future urban planning should be based on the implementation and management of urban spatial layout planning, energy planning, road system planning, green space system planning, transportation planning and wind corridor planning. This study provides a scientific basis for urban haze governance.
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