Satellite-observed daily sea level anomaly (SLA), sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) are used
to determine the impact of the typhoon Prapiroon (2012) on the sea surface. The typhoon, Prapiroon, has a unique track
when it went through the area (126°E-133°E, 17°N-25.5°N), where it influenced the sea greatly. For example, the lowest
SST in this area was 25.2°C on October 8 before it entered, while the SST dropped to 20.7 °C on October 15. On the
other hand, the lowest SLA dropped from -20 cm (on October 8) to -53 cm (on October 29). Accompanied with this, the
SSS increased about 0.8-0.9 psu in some region. This is qualitative but quantitative agree with the Argo data of 0.2 psu
SSS increase. One possible reason is the precipitation of typhoon, as the SSS data by Aquarius are easily affected by
precipitation. And such significant SST cooling and SSS increasing were mainly due to vertical mixing, caused by longterm
strong wind stirring brought by Parpiroon. We find that both the cold patch and eddies were transported westward.
The horizontal advection took the cold water to 100 km away, this non-local effect could have notable impact on ocean
dynamics and bio-physical processes. In addition we analyzed the possible factors of the temperature and salinity
decreasing below the thermocline by calculating the Ekman pumping velocity due to the typhoon. It reveals that this is
caused by Ekman pumping and upwelling in the cyclonic eddy, and Ekman pumping is the main factor.
As the similar cross track scanning mode of the measurements of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission’s (TRMM)
Precipitation Radar (PR) and visible and infrared scanner (VIRS) results in near instantaneous synchronization in
observing the same target, it is feasible to jointly use these two measurements to explore exactly the spectral
characteristics of precipitating clouds (PCs). Meanwhile, it will effectively improve and extend the abilities to identify
PCs using visible/infrared (VIR) measurements, because VIR sensors can be loaded aboard geostationary satellites with
the opportunity of high sampling frequency. In this paper, PR and VIRS onboard TRMM are respectively used to capture
PCs and identify their spectral signals during the Meiyu over the Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley from 1998 to 2007.
Visible/infrared signals for PCs, which are the reflectance at 0.63μm and 1.6μm (referred to as RF1 and RF2,
respectively), and the equivalent brightness temperature of a blackbody at 3.7μm, 10.8 μm and 12.0μm (referred to as
TB3, TB4 and TB5, respectively), were derived by TRMM VIRS. Firstly, characteristics of rain rate, rain top and
vertical profiles for stratiform and convective precipitations are investigated during the Meiyu periods. Moreover, VIRS
individual-channel signals, and multi-channel indices for PCs of the Meiyu are evaluated quantitatively. Finally, revealed
by long-term mean values, the differences of spectral signals between stratiform and convective PCs and their
relationships with surface rain rates are explored.
As we know, China is the largest developing country and the United State (US) is one of the most developed countries of
the world. Due to significant differences of the developmental levels between China and the US, different pollutants
emissions may be performed. It is found that aerosol optical depth (AOD) over China is much higher than that over
America. Since China and the US locate in westerly wind belts, it is feasible to examine the relationship between
different AOD and cloud parameters over land and offshore area of the two countries. In this paper, cloud effective
radius (CER), liquid water path (LWP) and AOD derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
(MODIS) and circulations supplied by NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 2000 to 2013 are employed to explore the
relationships between AOD and CER under different LWP levels. Results indicate that there is a clear negative
relationship between AOD and CER in different LWP levels over the offshore area contrary to the insignificant
relationship over land or the open sea. It suggests that aerosol indirect effects are more obvious over the offshore area.
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