Atmospheric particulate pollution causes a serious threat to the environment, economic, and human health. The temporal and spatial distribution of Particulate Matter (PM) obtained by remote sensing helps to study atmospheric particulate pollution study and formulate policies. In this paper, a semi-empirical method is established to estimate the Total Suspended Particles TSP mass concentration based on ground-based remote sensing. In the method, a key transformed ratio of TSP aerosol volume (V) to its optical depth (AOD) is defined aerosol Volume-to-Extinction (VE). The properties of VE are analyzed for the different aerosol types by using AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) data at seven sites including Beijing (urban/industrial), GSFC (urban/industrial), CUIABA MIRANDA and Mongu (biomass burning), Solar Village (desert dust), and Ascension Island and Lanai (oceanic) sites for about 10 years. It is found that VE for different aerosol types is a function of fine mode aerosol Volume-to-Extinction VEf and coarse mode aerosol Volume-to-Extinction VEc. The VEf is a function of Fine Mode Fraction (FMF) which is put forward by Zhang and Li (2015). VEc is also put forward as a function of FMF in this study. The results show the proportion of samples with the relative error of less than 16.7% is about 64%, and that with relative error of less than 50% is approximately 92%. Combined with the other assumptions including the aerosol vertical distribution and the light extinction of water uptake, the dry TSP mass concentration near the ground can be obtained. And the similar trend of the remote sensing TSP results and the in-situ PM10 measurements in Beijing is obtained, with the correlation coefficient of 0.78.
From April 24 to 25, 2019, a characteristic floating dust event occured in Kashi, one of the most important cities in Xingjiang province, China. The Dust Aerosol Observation (DAO) field campaign captured this case and provided us with comprehensive ground-based observation to research this floating dust case. The instrument involved in DAO field campaign included particles monitors, gas analyzer, nephelometer, radiometers, and lidar, among others. Meanwhile, CALIPSO were used as a satellite remote sensing observation to perform auxiliary analysis. Furthermore, to give the case a further quantitative description and get a deeper insight of the interaction mechanisms, WRF-Chem which is a regional air quality model calculating meteorological and chemical field on line were adopt as well. According to comprehensive observation and simulation, we divided this floating dust case into two periods. Different periods have different aerosol sources. The first period is before 14 o 'clock on the 24th. The main aerosol source was dust transported from the edge of the Taklimakan Desert by east wind at a height of 3-5km. In this period, PM10 concentration increased to 4000μg·m-3 and PM2.5 concentration increased to 800μg·m-3 in a short time. In the second period, due to the diversion of wind direction, dust transfer reduced and stopped gradually. Because of the circulation background and weather condition, the combined effect of local accumulation and reaction of pollutants still maintained particles concentration at a high level. In this period, although PM2.5/PM10 more than the ratio in the first period, it still kept around 0.3. PM10 and PM2.5 concentration both maintained a slow decline.
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