A simple way to create dynamic photonic crystals with different lattice symmetry by interference of non-coplanar laser beams in colloidal solution of quantum dots was demonstrated. With the proposed technique we have made micro-periodic dynamic semiconductor structure with strong nonlinear changing of refraction and absorption and analyzed the self-diffraction processes of two, three and four non-coplanar laser beams at the dynamic photonic crystal (diffraction grating) with hexagonal lattice structure. To reach the best uniform contrast of the structure and for better understanding of the problems, specially raised by the interference of multiple laser beams theoretical calculation of the periodic intensity field in the QDs solution were performed. It was demonstrated that dynamic photonic crystal structure and even it’s dimension can be easily tuned with a high speed by the laser beams polarization variation without changing the experimental setup geometry.
The goal of this work is the investigation of optical spectra features of zinc selenide (ZnSe), silver iodide (AgI) and its two-phase composite AgI-ZnSe nanostructures produced by laser ablation method, which can be used to design optical sensors and diffractive structures in integrated optics. Shifted to blue wavelengths relatively to the bulk semiconductor material band edge transmission spectra minima have been discovered for the ZnSe and AgI-ZnSe films. The observed minima of the transmission spectra are peculiar to the quantum energy spectra of semiconductor nanostructures. Discovered transmission spectra minima for the ZnSe and AgI-ZnSe films shifted to the short-wavelength region from the energy of the bulk material band gap can be the evidence of nanocrystals formation during the film growth by laser ablation, and which are characterized by the energy spectrum quantization and lower electron and upper hole quantum confinement levels shifts from the bottom of the conduction and the top valence bands, respectively.
One-dimensional dynamic photonic crystal was formed by a periodic spatial modulation of dielectric permittivity induced by the two ultrashort laser pulses interference in semiconductor quantum dots CdSe/ZnS (QDs) colloidal solution intersecting at angle θ. The fundamental differences of dynamic photonic crystals from static ones which determine the properties of these transient structures are the following. I. Dynamic photonic crystals lifetimes are determined by the nature of nonlinear changes of dielectric permittivity. II. The refractive index changing is determined by the intensity of the induced standing wave maxima and nonlinear susceptibility of the sample. We use the pump and probe method to create the dynamic one-dimensional photonic crystal and to analyze its features. Two focused laser beams are the pump beams, that form in the colloidal solution of quantum dots dynamic one-dimensional photonic crystal. The picosecond continuum, generated by the first harmonic of laser (1064 nm) passing through a heavy water is used as the probe beam. The self-diffraction of pumping beams on self induced dynamic one-dimensional photonic crystal provides information about spatial combining of laser beams.
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