Terahertz technology has been widely used in Chemical component recognition, high-speed communication, and security check imaging. Terahertz metrology plays an important role in all of these applications. The progress of terahertz spectrometers calibration and terahertz radiometry at the National Institute of Metrology, China, is introduced in this paper. A technique for calibration of terahertz time-domain spectrometers is introduced. The terahertz timedomain spectrometer is online calibrated with the terahertz echo pulse, and the measurement repeatability is improved. A high absorbance coating fabricated and a terahertz radiometer is developed. Broadband terahertz radiation is highly absorbed and accurate measured with this terahertz radiometer. A portable terahertz power is fabricated for measurement of terahertz sources and calibration of terahertz power meters.
A laser power scale transfer technique was developed based on shape detection; using this technique, detectors can be precisely centered on laser beams, thereby significantly reducing measurement errors introduced by detector nonuniformities and misalignments. A modified imaging scheme was designed and embedded in the scale transfer setup, and the effective resolution was proven to be better than 100 μm, compatible for incident lasers with diameters under 15 mm. For different types of detectors, absolute positioning was realized using objective algorithms with repeatability errors of 7 to 13 μm, which is an improvement of over 30 times the limitation of human-vision-based positioning. Correspondingly, the relative measurement error caused by detector non-uniformity for a typical calibration was reduced by a factor of 19–40 in the scale transfer process. The proposed technique thus has the potential for detector-based optical metrological applications that are influenced by geometric accuracy.
A broadband THz metamaterial absorber was designed based on the transmission line theory, and the inductive mesh structure was selected as the meta-surface. The absorber samples were fabricated by electrohydrodynamics(EHD)-based printing technology, which is a cost-effective and high-precision technology for flexible electronic device fabrication. The absorption in (98-353) GHz exceeded 90%, and the experimental data matched well with the theoretical and simulation results. It was also proven that the absorption spectra were insensitive to the linewidth and surface resistance of the inductive mesh structure, so that the design has high tolerance to possible fabrication error.
A fiber-type terahertz time-domain spectrometer was developed by combining fiber femtosecond laser with fiber-coupled terahertz photoconductive antenna. And variable angle terahertz reflectance of high-resistance silicon wafer and composite absorbent material was measured using this spectrometer. The measurement results are in good agreement with the theoretical calculation results.
We report an easily fabricated, broadband and high-absorbance coating for terahertz absolute radiometry. The spectral property of this coating was characterized in THz region with a home-made terahertz time-domain spectrometer. The measured results showed an extremely low spectral reflectance ranging from 0.1 THz to 2.0 THz. We assembled a terahertz radiometer with this coating as absorber. This coating is highly absorptive both in terahertz region and in visible light; therefore, the power responsivity of this radiometer is easily traceable to Chinese National Laser Power Standard. This coating is useful in traceability of terahertz sources and detectors to the SI units, and it will play an important role in infrared and far infrared absolute radiometry.
We have built a set of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system using electro-optic crystals. Conventional terahertz
time-domain spectroscopy based on Fourier-transform for spectra analysis, which mixes the frequency components of
the entire temporal terahertz waveform in one frequency domain; therefore, it yields different terahertz spectra from a
same terahertz pulse with different scanning lengths. We introduce a new technique for the joint time-frequency analysis
of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy based on wavelet-transform technique. With this technique, the frequency
components in different time locations are clearly exhibited on a two-dimensional plane; therefore, the noise in the pulse
tail cannot affect the frequency in the main pulse. This technique clearly separates the frequency of terahertz from that of
its echo in the time domain; therefore, the interference spectrum occur in Fourier-transform is naturally removed. By
varying the shape of analysis wavelet, high time resolution and high frequency resolution are easily obtained. The
absorption coefficients of envelope, plastic, foam and cotton have been measured with the wavelet technique.
In this paper, we applied wavelet-transform to analysis the water vapor absorption spectroscopy in terahertz range, and
compared with conventional Fourier-transform analysis in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The extracted absorption
lines are in excellent agreement with the results of using Fourier-transform analysis. The results show that
wavelet-transform analysis of the absorption spectrum delivers accurate absorption lines in THz range. Because the
results are shown in a time-frequency domain, it gives a more intuitive image on when the absorption happens at which
frequency. Combining wavelet-transform technique with THz-TDS, we hope there births a new spectroscopy: the
wavelet-transform terahertz time-domain spectroscopy.
Isodyne, as an experimental measurement method, can analyze the inner stresses without destroying the specimen. It is unnecessary to use high-power laser as light source, and the equipments of the experiment are simple. Moreover, the fringe of the pattern is clear and undistorted. Previously, making use of phase shift, phase of Isodyne fringe can be determined through four patterns. In this paper, wavelet-transform is applied to the phase analysis of Isodyne fringe, and all the results are satisfied. With the method of wavelet transform, we can determine the phase of Isodyne fringe automatically and accurately with only a single pattern. Furthermore, all the processing can be programmed, so it is easy to realize automatic analysis.
In this paper, the four-step phase shift method is applied to obtain the initial stress components in an unloaded square plate made of epoxy resin. The computer analogy images with random noise are used to study the sensitivity and reliability of four step birefringent shift method in the low signal condition. The computer experiment shows that the reliable result could be obtained even the phase is less than 1/8 fringe order with laser noise.
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