In this paper the results of the study of diurnal and annual behavior of concentrations CO2 and CH4 are presented. This study is based on monitoring data using gas concentration analyzers in the surface layer of the atmosphere in urban and background observation sites in the Middle Urals in 2021 – 2022. Two maxima and two minima in the annual behavior of CH4 concentration are observed for urban area (maxima: December – January and August; minima: May-June and October- November). One maximum in January and one minimum in May and summer months in the annual behavior of CH4 concentration are detected for background region. The annual variations of CO2 are differing in two areas: the highest values were recorded in December to January for urban site and in July for background monitoring point. The diurnal variation CH4 concentration is maximal in July and August in the urban area. The changes from minimal to maximal CH4 concentration are ∼20% The highest diurnal variability of CO2 is observed in July at the background area (∼47%).
In this study, we present statistical analysis of the main patterns of carbon dioxide, methane and carbon monoxide variability in the surface atmosphere of Ekaterinburg city in 2017-2018. Background levels, mean diurnal cycles, and the dependence of mole fractions on wind speed in different seasons were estimated. The measured mole fractions significantly exceeded the corresponding background levels during all seasons and both of these components had a pronounced seasonal cycle. The highest diurnal variability in urban environment was observed in summer and early autumn. Simultaneously registered meteorological conditions suggested the decisive part of local anthropogenic sources in such a dynamics of measured greenhouse gases.
The paper presents some results of greenhouse gases in situ measurements in 2015-2017 summertime from a high Arctic Belyy Island (Russia). The atmospheric CO2 concentration has increased by 3.1 ppm per year, which is 1.5 times higher than the mean annual global rate during last 10 years. However, the absolute CO2 levels were significantly less than the global background, which exceeded 400 ppm in 2015. The CH4 content had not changed, but in summer periods tundra ecosystem of the island was shown to remain a local net CH4 source in comparison to marine ecosystem. Possible mechanisms of forming mean diurnal cycles of CO2 and CH4 concentration are discussed. The temperature dependences of the measured parameters are established, indicating a significant sensitivity of carbon balance in the arctic tundra to the air temperature variability.
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