Data from soft X-ray telescope can provide the basis for revealing some extreme physical laws and phenomenon. So, X-ray telescope is a kind of important equipment for space science observation. Soft X-ray optical system is the core component of X-ray telescope system, and according to its influence on X-ray, the optical system is divided into three categorys: collimating type, focusing type and modulating type. By introducing the working principle, performance characteristics, preparation technology and application status of the three optical system at home and abroad.The three important development trends about the space X-ray detection load technology is made: optical system miniaturization and lightweight; easily of array integration; multi-dimensional information of X ray photon is extracted. This analysis will give powerful guide for design of the soft X-ray optical detector in the future.
A new system has been developed for efficient calibration of modern space soft x-ray astronomical telescopes, in particular the x-ray detectors with energy and time resolution. The system provides a large-area (about 1000 cm2 ), highly parallel (±1mrad/24mm), timely and spatially uniform (±5%) beam of x-ray beam. Other special features include a multianode (15 anodes and 17 filters) x-ray source and a narrower pulse (width ≤10 ns) x-ray source. There is a six-axes vacuum turntable that can be used in a wide range with high precision (0.1mm and 0.01°). In this paper, the composition, function and performance of this calibration system will be described in detail.
KEYWORDS: Pulsars, Sensors, X-rays, Signal to noise ratio, X-ray detectors, Monte Carlo methods, Navigation systems, Energy efficiency, Signal detection, Photodetectors
Detection sensitivity is an important indicator of the X-ray pulsar detector. In order to achieve the accuratesensitivity of the detector, a new method of calculate detection sensitivity is proposed calculation. Combining with the characteristics of X-ray pulsar radiation spectrum and detector spectral,classic pulse accumulation model is corrected.A new signal to noise ratio (SNR) calculation formula is deduced by using the new pulse accumulation model.Constructing a new variable Z, which has close relationship with SNR. Through setting the SNR, the analysis and simulation verification for detection sensitivity and confidence level can be made.Simulation verification shows that the monte carlo simulation result is consistent with the theoretical results, and the maximum deviation is only 5%, which is far less than the deviation caused by the space environmentdisturbance.
The paper reviews the relevant development status of domestic and international solar blind ultraviolet and infrared warning, According to current application demands for the payload of the missiles warning in the near-space, this paper presents a dual-band early warning system, which covers the solar blind ultraviolet (250nm-280nm) and MWIR (3000-5000nm). The system uses dual-band to achieve military missile detection and warning, which can effectively reduce the false alarm rate. The optical system uses a four off-axis system as the main anti-optical systems and the splitter was introduced to realize on two spectral bands. According to the detector and the corresponding application needs two-band optical system, this paper completed the calculations and optical system design. After the design is complete, MTF two bands of the optical system in the Nyquist frequency are: solar blind ultraviolet MTF>0.8@39lp/mm, MWIR MTF>0.7@39lp/mm, The maximum RMS spot diameter of two optical systems are smaller than the size of a detector, The single energy cell concentration is greater than 80%.
This paper analyzes the development status of the infrared polarization imaging system. According to the application need of medium wave infrared (MWIR) polarization image, this paper proposes a MWIR polarization coaperture optical system. The system is composed of the front co-aperture optical system and the rear sub-aperture optical system. The rear separate aperture optical system includes four polarization channels. Each channel adopts a 1/4 wave plate and a linear polarizers to obtain three line Stokes polarization components and one circularly Stokes polarization components Thus the system could achieve full polarization imaging. According to the detector and the corresponding application needs, the calculation and optical system design were completed. After the design, the MTF of the optical system is more than 0.3@17lp/mm. The maximum RMS spot diameter is less than the size of detector pixel and a single pixel energy concentration is greater than 80%.
Ultraviolet warning technology is one of the important methods for missile warning. It provides a very effective way to detect the target for missile approaching alarm. With the development of modern technology, especially the development of information technology at high speed, the ultraviolet early warning system plays an increasingly important role. Compared to infrared warning, the ultraviolet warning has high efficiency and low false alarm rate. In the modern warfare, how to detect the threats earlier, prevent and reduce the attack of precision-guided missile has become a new challenge of missile warning technology. Because the ultraviolet warning technology has high environmental adaptability, the low false alarm rate, small volume and other advantages, in the military field applications it has been developed rapidly. For the ultraviolet warning system, the optimal working waveband is 250 nm ~280 nm (Solar Blind UV) due to the strong absorption of ozone layer. According to current application demands for solar blind ultraviolet detection and warning, this paper proposes ultraviolet warning optical system based on interference imaging, which covers solar blind ultraviolet (250nm-280nm) and dual field. This structure includes a primary optical system, an ultraviolet reflector array, an ultraviolet imaging system and an ultraviolet interference imaging system. It makes use of an ultraviolet beam-splitter to achieve the separation of two optical systems. According to the detector and the corresponding application needs of two visual field of the optical system, the calculation and optical system design were completed. After the design, the MTF of the two optical system is more than 0.8@39lp/mm.A single pixel energy concentration is greater than 80%.
With the development of modern technology, especially the development of information technology at high speed, the ultraviolet early warning system plays an increasingly important role. In the modern warfare, how to detect the threats earlier, prevent and reduce the attack of precision-guided missile has become a new challenge. Because the ultraviolet warning technology has high environmental adaptability, the low false alarm rate, small volume and other advantages, in the military field applications it has been developed rapidly. According to current application demands for solar blind ultraviolet detection and warning, this paper proposes a reconnaissance and early-warning optical system, which covers solar blind ultraviolet (250nm-280nm) and dual field. This structure takes advantage of a narrow field of view and long focal length optical system to achieve the target object detection, uses wide-field and short focal length optical system to achieve early warning of the target object. It makes use of an ultraviolet beam-splitter to achieve the separation of two optical systems. According to the detector and the corresponding application needs of two visual field of the optical system, the calculation and optical system design were completed. After the design, the MTF of the two optical system is more than 0.8@39lp/mm. A single pixel energy concentration is greater than 80%.
The effective X-ray optics is a key premise for X-ray pulsar detection and navigation. However, it is very difficult to focus the X-ray photons through refraction for the reason that the X-ray photon is very easy to be absorbed by the materials. The most effective ways for the X-ray focusing is reflection. In this paper, we will give a brief introduction of the theory of the grazing incidence and the corresponding optical systems. By comparing the design parameters of main X-ray astronomical telescope in NASA and ESA, we will give the development trend of the X-ray optics for X-ray pulsar navigation and introduce several new technology for the manufacture of the micro-pore optics (MPO).
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