To solve the problem of large filtering error of the fundamental frequency in the composite Fourier transform profilometry and shorten the measurement time needed in the phase shifting profilometry, a symmetrical transformation method (STM) for measuring the three-dimensional (3D) contour of objects is proposed. Only one composite grating is projected on the object in the STM. The grating is composed of overlapping two orthogonal sinusoidal fringe patterns with a π/2 phase difference and different frequencies. The two sinusoidal deformed patterns with a π/2 phase difference are demodulated from the deformed composite pattern reflected on the surface of an object. The other two patterns can be obtained through a symmetric transformation with sub-pixel precision. Based on the captured and calculated fringe patterns, the fast reconstruction of the 3D shape of the objects could be achieved. The STM has broad application prospects in the real-time 3D measurement field due to its single-shot feature.
To eliminate motion-induced errors, a multi-step fitting position transformation method is proposed for measuring the three-dimensional (3D) profile of an object. The method employs a neural network to perform position transformation on the objects in the captured motion phase-shifting fringe projection images, aligning them to the same position, and then uses the phase-shifting method to obtain the 3D profile of the objects. Theoretically, the rigid body motion transformation matrix is used to deduce the change of points on the objects in the fringe pattern under different motion conditions, and the 3D profile measurement results of randomly moving objects are simulated and analyzed. Experimentally, a neural network model was trained by using 5000 sets of data obtained from experiments to eliminate motion-induced errors in various motion states. Simulation and experimental results show that this method significantly reduces the motion-induced errors that occur when measuring moving objects using the traditional phase-shifting method. It has broad application prospects in the field of real-time measurement of moving objects’ 3D profiles.
KEYWORDS: Phase unwrapping, Deformation, Tunable filters, Fringe analysis, 3D metrology, Signal to noise ratio, 3D projection, Error analysis, 3D mask effects, Optical filters
An improved composite Fourier transform profilometry is proposed in this study to quickly measure the three-dimensional (3D) contour of an object. Three groups of fringe patterns with different frequencies are combined in this method. Compared with the other composite profilometry, it solves the problem of phase error propagation in phase unwrapping. The absolute phase of the object is accurately calculated and the measuring accuracy is improved greatly by filtering out the background direct current noise. Both simulation and experiment results show that the 3D contour of the measured object can be reconstructed quickly and accurately by this method. It has great application potential in the field of real-time 3D measurement.
A highly sensitive long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) temperature sensor based on dual-peak resonance operating near the phase-matching turning point in chalcogenide fiber is proposed. The Ge-As-Se chalcogenide glasses with a high linear refractive index, large thermo-optic coefficient, and wide transmission window was prepared and characterized for temperature sensors. Combined with PMTP and cladding etching, the temperature sensing characteristics of different cladding modes were examined systematically. The results of theoretical simulation indicated that different cladding modes show relatively high-temperature sensitivities, and the temperature sensitivity of the seventh cladding mode was as high as 9.296 nm/°C operating near PMTP, which is about two orders of magnitude higher than that of the traditional silica LPFGs. Therefore, this temperature sensor with high sensitivity and simplified design can be applied to high-precision temperature sensing.
We developed the extrusion method to prepare arsenic-free chalcogenide glass fibers with glass cladding. By using the double nested extrusion molds and the corresponding isolated stacked extrusion method, the utilization rate of glass materials was greatly improved compared with the conventional extrusion method. Fiber preforms with optimal stability of core/cladding ratio throughout the 160 mm length were prepared using the developed extrusion method. Typical fiber structure defects between the core/cladding interface, such as bubbles, cracks, and core diameter variation, were effectively eliminated. Ge-Sb-Se/S chalcogenide glasses were used to form a core/cladding pair and fibers with core/cladding structure were prepared by thermally drawing the extruded preforms. The transmission loss, fiber bending loss, and other optical characters of the fibers were also investigated.
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