A kind of terahertz amplitude modulation structure has been proposed in this work, which could achieve ~75% modulation depth of transmittance under 10V gate voltage. It is attributed to two side factors, one is making use of metallic metamaterial array which excites terahertz resonance and enhances the interaction between the terahertz wave and graphene. Therefore, the modulation of terahertz transmission could be enhanced. The other factor is adopting polyethylene oxide-based electrolytes, as a kind of high capacitance material to effectively tuned chemical potential of graphene layer which acts as the active material modulating the transmitted energy.
To enhance the modulation of the terahertz wave in graphene based modulators, the hollow metallic structures are proposed in our works. With the field localization and enhancement raised by the resonant of the hollow metallic structures, the interaction between the graphene and the terahertz wave is enhanced. It leads to the modulation enhanced when the conductance of graphene is tuned by applied voltage. The samples with hollow square ring array structure and hollow H-cross array structure is discussed with simulations and experiments. The results indicate that the maximum modulation enhancement is achieved near the resonant frequencies.
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