An optical deformation measurement system based on digital image correlation method (DICM) is developed for
observing soil displacement patterns beneath a laboratory-scale surface shallow foundation. Reliability and precision of
this system are validated by an example, which has a sub-pixel precision when tracking the movement of natural sand.
The study results show that it is viable to analyze the displacement field of soil beneath shallow foundation by DICM. As
the loading increases, the soil is gotten into the phase of elastoplastic deformation. Then, the first continuous slip surface
is generated, which likes the slip surface deduced by the limit balance theory. The shallow foundation is rapidly subsided
at the ultimate load phase, then, the second slip surface is generated beneath the footing. The shallow foundation presents
the general shear failure. The local bound soil beneath shallow foundation isn't failure and keeps elastic equilibrium state,
which likes an elastic kernel moved to the deep of the soil under ultimate load, and these two slip surfaces have the trend
of convergence near the earth's surface.
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