Nonlinearity error in double passage heterodyne interferometer is mainly caused by the nonideal properties of optical components. To solve this problem, in this paper, the nonlinearity error caused by nonideal properties of polarization beam splitter(PBS) including transmission coefficient and azimuth is numerically analyzed, and then the mathematical model for nonlinearity error is established and simulated. The results show that the nonlinearity error of the displacement increases from 0.0153 nm to 2.2766 nm with the azimuthal error ranging from 1° to 12°, and the nonlinearity error caused by the transmissivity and reflectivity of PBS is minor and can be ignored. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the reduction of the nonlinearity error in the double passage heterodyne interferometer.
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