This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 7659, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and the Conference Committee listing.

A method of tuning transmission enhancement frequency through a subwavelength aperture is reported in this paper. A split ring resonator (SRR) loaded with lumped-element capacitances in its outer gap is placed in front of the aperture. It can be excited to resonance and then couple the localized electric field energy into the hole, enhancing the transmission. Simulation results show that as the capacitance value is varied from 0.06pf to 0.12pf, the energy transmitting through a small hole with a radius of 2.2mm is all significantly enhanced for each capacitance and transmission enhancement frequency is decreased from 6.52GHz to 5.71 GHz. Moreover, it is found that loading the capacitance in the inner gap of the SRR instead would obtain different enhancement frequency, which is shifted from 7.0GHz to 6.41GHz for the same variation of the capacitance value.

A method using ultrasonic devices for on-line measurement of oil coiled tubing was proposed. The principle of ultrasonic testing was analyzed. Then, the structure of the system consisting of mechanical system, coupling system, measuring system, control system and system software was determinated. Based on the analysis of technology requirement, measuring technique in which the coiled tubing did not rotate and the probe was static was chosen. The ultrasonic testing probes were triggered in turn. After signal sampling, digital filtering and A / D conversion signal processing, the received echo signals were sent to computer. Through analyzing and accounting, the test results were obtained. Based on VC++.net, A-type ultrasonic and C-type ultrasonic display software and the inspection data processing software were developed. Using Windows programming technology, the software structure and function library were totally open. Therefore, secondary development can be carried out conveniently. Based on the experimental studies, coiled tubing's ultrasonic testing system is developed. The testing results show that the system has specific advantages such as high-adaptation, highefficiency, high- stability, high reliability and can meet the need of the users. The ultrasonic testing technologies proposed in this paper can be applied extensively to other tubes.

In this article, finite element simulation about the buried defect is used to simulate the process of detecting buried defects. We built a model similar to the reality. By using two integrated piezoelectric sensors attached to the surface of the structure, elastic waves can be injected into the matrix structure and the sensors can also receive the echo signal. By comparing the received echo signal of the defect structure and of an intact structure, the purpose of recognizing the existence of defects was achieved by extracting the signal reflection caused by the defective components. A comprehensive research based on piezoelectric actuators / sensors phased array for nondestructive testing simulating system was done. Its aim is to build a similar model to the actual situation, and to simulate the actual situations with the same measures to achieve the purpose of identifying the existence of defects. By building a set of active point-to-point scanning system, we detect the damage of aluminum structure by the use of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer device, which plays the role of actuators and sensors. In addition, an experiment based on the detection of buried defects was carried out. The Ultrasonic flaw detector produces high-frequency and high-voltage pulse signals and it stimulates the actuators to transmit the elastic waves into the block structure. The sensors receive the echo signals, and deal with the echo signals based on continuous wavelet transform, and then study the distribution of time domain and frequency domain. By comparing echo signal, the purpose of identifying the existence of defects is achieved by extracting the echo signal caused by the defective components.

Carbon nanocoils (CNCs) have attracted much attention due to their unique three-dimensional helix morphology, outstanding mechanical and electronic properties, and potential applications. Compared with carbon nanotubes, CNCs can be dispersed in solvents easily. In this paper, the manipulation of single CNCs by an optical tweezers has been demonstrated. It is found that these CNCs can be trapped, removed and rotated by the manipulation system, resulted from the asymmetrical distribution of optical trapping force generated on the CNCs with chiral features. Furthermore, the length of a single CNC can be adjusted by increasing the power of incident laser beam because the absorbed laser energy can be changed into thermal energy in a CNC. These results suggest that CNCs can be manipulated by an optical tweezers, which is suitable for the alignment of a CNC at a fixed position with a fixed length in electronic devices.

Current video logging system adopts a method by placing camera on the bottom of well to acquire the clear bottom hole image, but which can not obtain the clear image because the lens is placed along the hole axis direction.The Multi-lens video logging system which presented by the paper authors obtains image by means of placing multi grin lens along the radius, and only one along the axial. This paper presents an integerated image segmentation algorithm, which can extract useful image information of curtain angle and well depth, and make prepareation for forming the video well logging information fusion map, and supply evidence for logging data interpretation. First, to obtain the approximate boundaries of the image for processing, analysis begins with the image using edge detection algorithms and Canny operator; then aiming at the specification of the image on the bottom hole is primarily a circular region, meanwhile the margin of it is so long, then search the circle edge ;dilation operation is applied to convert it to continuous data, and connect the data together, fill up the edge slot. The edge search function is used to obtain characteristic parameters of extracting image. Finally, using least squares fitting algorithm obtain the circle center and radius, and take the maximum one as the image radius.The standard net mesh is used to calibrate the image, which is acquired through the len of axial direction on the analog well logging device, the integrated image processing method described above is used to process the acquired image of oil well.

We presented a design of the zone plate with continuous phase with Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) based on scalar diffraction theory. Diffraction fields of the zone plate with continuous phase and the phase-correcting Fresnel zone plate with incidence of uniform plane wave were analyzed and compared. The effects of the focal length and diameter of the zone plate with continuous phase on the diffraction field were discussed. The simulations of intensity distribution on the focal plane and the optic axis based on Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction formula were completed using Matlab. The results indicate that the zone plate with continuous phase performs better than the phase-correcting Fresnel zone plate. The intensity on the focus of the zone plate with continuous phase is 1.17, 1.35, 2.62 times stronger than that on 8-level, 4-level, 2-level phase-correcting Fresnel zone plate's respectively. The fabrication process might give rise to a phase error, such as groove depth error, surface roughness. The effects of the phase errors on the performance of the zone plate were discussed.

A fiber-optic relative-humidity sensor composed of two silver coating and a polymer film is proposed and developed. Ag coatings are magnetically sputtered, and sandwiched by a dip-coated moisture-sensitive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film, which constructs a low-fineness Fabry-Perot sensing head. Experimental results show that interference fringe shifts to longer wavelength when relative humidity increases. The interference fringe shifts of two-layer sensor and three-layer sensor are 5.3 nm and 1.9 nm respectively. The linearity of interference fringe shift to relative humidity is averagely 0.9874.

Combined lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) Biograph PET/CT is developed by Siemens Company and has been introduced into medical practice. There is no septa between the scintillator rings, the acquisition mode is full 3D mode. The PET components incorporate three rings of 48 detector blocks which comprises a 13×13 matrix of 4×4×20mm³ elements. The patient aperture is 70cm, the transversal field of view (FOV) is 58.5cm, and the axial field of view is 16.2cm. The CT components adopt 16 slices spiral CT scanner. The physical performance of this PET/CT scanner has been evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation method according to latest NEMA NU 2-2007 standard and the results have been compared with real experiment results. For PET part, in the center FOV the average transversal resolution is 3.67mm, the average axial resolution is 3.94mm, and the 3D-reconstructed scatter fraction is 31.7%. The sensitivities of the PET scanner are 4.21kcps/MBq and 4.26kcps/MBq at 0cm and 10cm off the center of the transversal FOV. The peak NEC is 95.6kcps at a concentration of 39.2kBq/ml. The spatial resolution of CT part is up to 1.12mm at 10mm off the center. The errors between simulated and real results are permitted.

3D data registration algorithm based on invariant was proposed, which is sparse range image from stripe coded structured light system. The range image is uneven and its corresponding points during different views are not the same ones, but the adjacent regions. The algorithm is improved iterative closed points algorithm; invariant is added during search corresponding points such as the volume of tetrahedron. The impact of volume on noise, rigid translation, and perturbation are analyzed by means of statistics experiments, and then the search criterions are proposed. Experiments verified the validity of the data registration algorithm from the quantitative and qualitative aspects.

Opto-electric scouting & tracking device is used to scouting the object of hemisphere airspace and tracing of movement tail of object in real time. The precision turntable was important parts of scouting device and it was crucial to the scouting device's technology guideline, such as tracking precision, scouting range, volume and quality etc. To achieving the purpose which scouting & tracking device's volume smallness, quality light, rigid bigness and precision highness characteristics, the mechanical structure of turntable was designed in this paper. Then, the static and dynamic analysis of the precision turntable frame was done using the finite element method. The static analysis results show the intensity and rigid requirement of tracking turntable frame was satisfied, and it had big space to reducing. So the structure optimization design can be done to reduce the frame's volume and moment of inertia. The optimization design of turntable frame was done based on the establishing the optimizing mathematics model. The objective function of optimization was minimizing frame volume. The optimizing result indicated the optimizing effect was distinct. The volume of precision opto-electronic tracking turntable frame reduced 15%. The intensity and rigid of precision opto-electronic tracking turntable frame were verified after optimization, the results was satisfied to the design requirement. It provided important reference to improving the Opto-electronic scouting and tracking device.

A novel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) tilt sensor is proposed to detect the magnitude as well as the direction of a twodimensional inclination by using four FBGs. High angle sensitivity and measurement resolution has been achieved and the temperature effect has been eliminated completely without additional temperature compensation schemes. Experimental results verified the feasibility of the proposed idea.

In this paper, a method of composite bridge structure packing with self-rectifier in the LED chips is introduced, based on the characteristics of PN junction of the high power LED. About dozens of low-power LED chips are pasted on the PCB boards which having good thermal conductivity in the form of bridge structure, regulating input voltage and current strength to make the LED chips at different bridge arms worked alternately by using of LED PN junction's own characteristics to achieve self-rectification. The copper cooling plates are sandwiched in the PCB boards to achieve for saving resource and improving brightness. During the work time, the LED flashes lights. Because of its feature of continuing light after power properties, the human eyes can not perceive the LED's flashing, their understanding on the light emitting is continuous.

The tracking technology of the moving object has been an active topic of the visual tracking system. In this paper, the tracking algorithms are classified into four classes: correlation-based methods, boundary-based methods, model-based methods and multifunctional methods. Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of all these algorithms, a new tracking algorithm, integrating SSDA and advanced Camshift algorithm, is put forward here.

Optical guidance missiles requires a dome which fits both optical and aerodynamic needs when they attack at 3 Ma. In this study, ellipse is the figure chosen to be the dome's shape. The ellipticity ε is the main variable should to be decided. The optimized function was built by optical and aerodynamic performance function multiply by their weights. The optical and aerodynamic functions were all obtained by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation's results after normalization. In this study, the optical and aerodynamic performances have equal weights, after optimzing the ellipticity εis 2 for the missile.

The laser atmosphere transmission characteristic affects the use of laser in engineering greatly. This paper designed a laser atmosphere transmission characteristic measurement system based on LabVIEW software, a product of NI. The system acquires laser spacial distribution by means of controlling NI image acquisition card and CCD through PCI, controls oscillograph to acquire laser time domain distribution through Ethernet and controls power meter to acquire energy of laser through RS-232. It processes the data acquired and analyses the laser atmosphere transmission characteristic using Matlab, which is powerful in data processing, through software interface. It provided a new way to study the laser atmosphere transmission characteristic.

The opto-electronic platform is the main equipment for aviation reconnaissance. It is a surveillance system with the function of search, recognition orientation and tracking by opto- electronic instruments. It is made up of opto- electronic instruments which are used to get high quality image , and stabilization tracking system to control stabilization and gesture of platform for exact tracking. The opto-electronic platform purpose is to achieve high quality image. Besides the impact of optic system, the image quality of the system is influenced greatly in the vibration environment .The research worked by Zhao peng which demonstrated the affection caused by angular vibration was worse than which caused by line vibration, and what was multiplied direct ratio with plane altitude. So it is necessary to design a new device which could be used widely and has good angular vibration isolation effect. According to the theory of parallelogram, the non-angular vibration device had been designed with spatial links, and the theory of non-angular vibration was analyzed. The three-dimensional model was set with UG, the analysis was done by ADAMS/vibration software. The acceleration and displacement response of the device in each direction was calculated by inspiriting it with sine wave of the acceleration in three directions, and the stiffness and damp were studied. All the work prove the design principle of the device is reasonable, and the device is adopted to keep the platform motion moving horizontally, at the meantime the device is good at isolating vibration in all directions.

Development process of laser rangefinder is introduced briefly in this paper. Working principle of laser rangefinder and ranging equation is also discussed. Relationship between signal to noise ratio (SNR) and ranging capacity is analyzed. By using spectral filtering, spatial filtering, and cumulative technique, ranging distance can be improved. The maximum of ranging distance can reach 1000m in good weather conditions. Ranging accuracy of laser rangefinder is decided by forefront of laser pulse, response time of APD and bandwidth of amplifier. It is about 1m.

A computer aided process planning system is developed based on laser bar code technology to automatize and standardize processing-paper making. The system sorts fittings by analyzing their types, structures, dimensions, materials, and technics characteristics, groups and encodes the fittings with similar technology characteristics base on the theory of Group Technology (GT). The system produces standard technology procedures using integrative-parts method and stores them into technics databases. To work out the technology procedure of fittings, the only thing for users need to do is to scan the bar code of fittings with a laser code reader. The system can produce process-paper using decision trees method and then print the process-cards automatically. The software has already been applied in some power stations and is praised by the users.

A fiber-optic temperature sensor based on a pressure-induced birefringence singlemode fiber (SMF) loop mirror is developed. The pressure-induced birefringence singlemode fiber is made by applying a force against a short section of length of a singlemode fiber. The length of the sensing element for the temperature sensing is about 50 mm. Wavelength spacing between the two adjacent interference minima of the loop mirror can be tuned by varying the applied pressure. The sensitivity of the temperature measurement of 0.65 nm/oC is achieved experimentally. The proposed sensor is more convenient and simple than that of polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PM-PCF) or standard polarizationmaintaining fibers (PMF).

Dynamic monitoring is part of bridge structural health monitoring. Real-time and online monitoring for bridge's dynamic performance is an important technology means for model updating, damage detection of structure and security evaluation of bridge. Nowadays dynamic monitoring system is generally installed on new long-span bridges. Vibration sensor is key part of the technology means. Vibration of a large-scale bridge belongs to low frequency one, but traditional electromagnetic vibration sensors are restricted for use in the field due to such defects as signal unable to long distance transmission, hard to measure ultra-low frequency vibration, so it is inevitable and imminent to develop a novel-type vibration sensor instead of them. Aiming at the above-mentioned problems, the author in the paper develops a low-frequency vibration sensor with double-cantilever beam structure, based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and matching filtering demodulation. Some experiments are done to study its sensing properties and the results indicate that it has good temperature compensation, its natural frequency is about 35Hz, measurement bandwidth from 0.1Hz to 20Hz, sensitivity is 1000mv/g or so, linearity degree is over 0.9992, repeatability is superior to 2.4%, acceleration measurement range is 1g, and cross anti-interference is 5.6%. Such sensors have been successfully used on Wuhan Tianxingzhou Yangtze River Bridge(WTYRB). The most transmission distance of measurement signal is 10km or so and the lowest measurement frequency is 0.24 Hz. The application results show it can detect accurately dynamic properties of vital areas of the bridge and can meet the demands for dynamic measurement. To sum up, the sensor developed in the paper can overcome the shortcomings of electromagnetic sensors and has very good sensing properties, so it is very suitable to be used for low-frequency vibration measurement.

A kind of precision harmonic gear drive in the focusing mechanism of space camera is studied, which adopt external meshing complex wave transmission mode. Wave generator is combined with an elliptic cam and a flexible bearing around it. Flexspline is a structure of single wave with the same teeth. The output shaft is supported by a single crossroller bearing. Ball screws connected the output shaft translate the rotational motion to the linear motion, and drive the focusing mirror repeated moving along the linear guide. The output rigid wheel is connected with absolute encoder to detect displacement of focusing movement. It has the characteristics of big transmission ratio, high precision, compact structure, high efficiency and smooth running etc. According to the practical application of this harmonic gear drive in the space camera, the location relationship between the displacement of focusing structure and the focal plane movement is derived, and the system error is analyzed, its accuracy is tested with the open-loop control method. Experimental results show that transmission ratio of the instrument is 1:70, repeated positional accuracy is 2μm, which meet the requirements for use.

This paper describes a specific process of moving target detecting and tracking in the video surveillance.Obtain high-quality background is the key to achieving differential target detecting in the video surveillance.The paper is based on a block segmentation method to build clear background,and using the method of background difference to detecing moving target,after a series of treatment we can be extracted the more comprehensive object from original image,then using the smallest bounding rectangle to locate the object.In the video surveillance system, the delay of camera and other reasons lead to tracking lag,the model of Kalman filter based on template matching was proposed,using deduced and estimated capacity of Kalman,the center of smallest bounding rectangle for predictive value,predicted the position in the next moment may appare,followed by template matching in the region as the center of this position,by calculate the cross-correlation similarity of current image and reference image,can determine the best matching center.As narrowed the scope of searching,thereby reduced the searching time,so there be achieve fast-tracking.

This study develops a novel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) pressure sensor encapsulated with the smart metal structure. The smart metal structure sensor made of welding the FBG plating a gold coat and the nickel tube together using Au-Ge solder is introduced, and the FBG is mounted on a planar diaphragm to enhance the pressure sensitivity. The diaphragm can be pressurized along one axial direction, and responds to an axial force only. The FBG sensor pressure sensitivity is derived theoretically and validated experimentally. The measured pressure sensitivity of the shift in the Bragg wavelength of our experimental sensor is about 1.68×10^-4MPa^-1, which is approximately 85 times higher than that can be achieved with a bare FBG. The pressure measurement precision of 0.5% over a full measurement range of 20 MPa has been achieved. The linearity of our sensor is also good, and there is almost no hysteresis effect. The temperature compensation performance of the pressure sensor is also studied.

The paper reports results obtained from a field test site in structural monitoring-a "test-to-failure," measuring strain using Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) sensor networks on a novel drilled concrete test pier in Huaihe river zone,Anhui province,China. To undertake the study, FBG-based sensors were chosen ,metallic recoated ,steel-tube packaged , and incorporated with steel rebars in this concrete structure. The sensors were interrogated using a compact system based on wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and F-P scanning approach. Throughout the test, the FBG sensors were continuously monitored, the incremental increases in the strain caused by boundary shear stress could be seen. The sensors were able to follow the resulting induced changes in load of over a range in excess of 2.5M Newton just prior to failure of the pier and representing extreme levels of strain for such a novel mechanical structure. The measurements made with the FBG-based system were found to be in agreement with the changes expected in the structure, produced by the self-balanced loading applied. The study has demonstrated the successful use of FBG sensor networks used in a test of this root type pier foundation, consequently made assessment about the health and security of the highway bridge.

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been the research focus because of the characteristics of compact structure, low-temperature starting, high specific energy density and power, environmental protection, prolonged service time. The bipolar plate in PEMFC has the function of isolating and uniformly distributing reactants, removing reaction products, collecting and inducing current, providing mechanical support for the cells in the stack collects, etc. The bipolar plate, which influences not only the cell stack performance but also the stack cost, is a vital component of PEMFC that is the choke point of industrialization. Compared with the conventional graphite bipolar plate, the metallic bipolar plate has the advantages of excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, high mechanical strength and power density, no leakage and good workability. Furthermore, the metal plate is especially suitable for production in mass. Therefore, metallic bipolar plate is considered to be a promising alternative for PEMFC bipolar. A review of the research work involves the material selection and processing of bipolar plate, flow-field type and the corresponding design, the forming methods of metallic bipolar plates. The materials of bipolar plate for PEMFC are focused on graphite, metal or alloy, and all kinds of composite materials. The disadvantages and advantages of these materials are compared. The flow channels of bipolar include dot-type, web-type, serpentine-type and the interdigital shape. Among them, serpentine-type flow channel plates are mentioned in detail. In this paper, we introduced the forming methods of metallic bipolar plates such as the electrochemical micro-fabrication, electroforming, thermoforming, micro-stamping and micro-milling. Finally, it points out that the prospective research about the PEMFC is minimization and industrialization.

It is challenging with the hydraulic servo manipulators to achieve soft grasping. It needs the servo-control on the manipulator's precise position and clamping force. Slip sensor is very important in the process of the manipulator's grasp .The micro-vibration measurement based slip sensor employs the elastomer and the photoelectric apparatus installed in the manipulator to detect the slide at the moment of grasping. Based the vibration, kinetics, illuminance and elasticity deformation theories, the linear relation between the acceleration of the slide and the differential of the output voltage of the photoelectric apparatus can be deduced, which will be used to establish the sliding degree determination mode. Based on hydraulic servo manipulator, a fuzzy controller have been developed and the function of soft grasp have been performed.

Optical components production belongs to the typical jobbing work, and its scheduling problem is a significant research in advanced optical manufacture technique. According to the manufacturing technology for high precision optical components, the production scheduling model which is combined workshop scheduling theory with improved Ant Colony Algorithm (ACA) is introduced in this paper. In order to reduce the inherent deficiency of traditional ant algorithm for local optimal solution and stagnation, an improved algorithm which can simulate real ant colony sensation and consciousness may enhance the efficiency of basic ACA. The simulation experiment shows the robustness for this improved algorithm.

Because of the interaction of leveling and centering, the operation repeats many times; Angle measurement error caused by the leveling and centering is not compensated and corrected. Aimed at defects such as low precision, long time, low intellectualization and no compensation in traditional method of leveling and centering, automatic leveling and centering system of theodolite is designed based on the algorithm of error correction and compensation. Using the method of coordinate transformation, horizontal angle error caused by tilt error are analyzed, and the exact mathematical compensation formulas are given. The structure and operating principle of automatic leveling and centering system based on the algorithm are set forth. The compensation algorithm is used for compensating the horizontal and vertical angle effectively. Experiments show that the centering precision reaches 0.04mm through error compensation, and the angle measuring error caused by leveling error is less than 0.5". The system can effectively avoid leveling and centering many times, shorten the equipment set-up time, and improve angle measurement precision.

The task of an area CCD camera on a satellite is imaging to the earth or space targets. The variety of theirs motion relative speed between a CCD camera and a target should cause some ambiguity of the picture obtained, final the visual result of a picture (imaging quality) goes to the bad. For the above this paper should introduce the simulation by a computer and the experimentation to a motion platform in the lab, the theoretical simulation and experimental results are compared, the analysis to the image quality is about the speed and the exposure time of an area CCD camera in orbit, the empirical data has been obtained by the moving between the pixels of an area CCD camera and a target during exposed.

Based on the active infrared thermography nondestructive testing (NDT) technology, which is an emerging method and developed in the areas of aviation, spaceflight and national defence, the samples including glass fiber flat bottom hole sample, glass fiber inclusion sample and steel flat bottom hole sample that the shell materials of Solid Rocket Motor (SRM) were heated by a high energy flash lamp. The subsurface flaws can be detected through measuring temperature difference between flaws and materials. The results of the experiments show that: 1) the technique is a fast and effective inspection method, which is used for detecting the composites more easily than the metals. And it also can primarily identify the defect position and size according to the thermal image maps. 2) A best inspection time at when the area of hot spot is the same with that of defect is exited, which can be used to estimate the defect size. The bigger the defect area, the easier it could be detected and also the less of the error for estimating defect area. 3). The infrared thermal images obtained from experiments always have high noise, especially for metal materials due to high reflectivity and environmental factors, which need to be further processed.

A new type of hydrophone based on high-birefringence fiber loop mirror (HiBi-FLM) is proposed and demonstrated. The sensing part is a section of high-birefringence fiber wound onto a hollow metal cylinder fiber. A narrow band light source is used and the detection is done by measurement of light intensity. The hydrophone is theoretically researched and experimentally verified. The hydrophone is 32 times more sensitive than FBG hydrophone and has the advantages of polarization indent, cheap cost and easy interrogation.

The low-coherence broadband white light source presents the problem of aging, damage. Such light source with problem used in the white light Interferometric instrument will cause incorrect data. Especially when the damage of the light source is not obvious, the wrong result will not be found easily. In this paper with the theoretical analysis and computer numerical simulation, some kinds of exceptional spectral distributions and some kinds of exceptional interferometer fringes are given. The same conclusions are achieved in the experiment. The erroneous judgment of zero-order fringe due to the damage of the light source will be avoided.

Influence of illuminating beam Gauss parameter to Biological Compact Disc Sensor (BioCD) is presented in this paper. BioCD is a sensitive Interferometry detection platform to detect bimolecular immobilized on the surface of a spinning disk. Interferometry has the advantage of higher photon fluxes than conventional fluorescence detection and consequently shorter detection time. It allows high speed detection of optical path length changes down to sub-nanometer scales with high repeatability. The influences of illuminating beam Gauss parameter to detection sensitivity were simulated. Simulation result showed that Gauss parameter increase will reduce detection sensitivity. But if there is a pinhole filter in optical system Gauss parameter influence could be ignored. This also will be help to Suppression influence of lens aberration, so improve BioCD detection sensitivity.

The effects of imperfection in fabrication process on the focusing property of photonic quasicrystal (PQC) slab are investigated. Two kinds of imperfections, in which the radii and the positions of all cylinders in quasicrystal slab independently varied at random, are considered. The results show that the randomness adversely affects on the focusing performance of the quasicrystal lens. And the TE mode is more influenced by disorders than the TM mode. The tolerance of focusing function to radius disorder is smaller than to positional disorder. Our results will contribute to the design of PQC-based focusing devices.

The polarization-independent focusing is realized by use of a flat lens made of an octagonal photonic quasicrystal slab. The influence factors of this kind of focusing property are explored by changing the slab thickness, lateral slab size and source position. The results show that the polarization-independent focusing property is dependent on the slab thickness. And the lateral size of slab and specific source position can affect focus quality but they don't destroy the original polarization-independent focusing function. We believe that our investigation will be helpful in devising photonic devices capable of polarization-independent focusing based on quasiperiod photonic crystals.

General rubber damping materials used in noise and vibrations attenuating system can not adapt large optical telescope's working temperatures and environments. While Metal Rubber material which has loose, reticulate structures can endure high or low temperatures, rigorous space environments, erosions, aging, volatilization and radiations due to its metallic properties because it is made of stainless steel wires of φ 0.1~0.3 mm. When the MR damping component is uploaded with vibrating force, the displacement will cause intense frictions between wires' surfaces which will dissipate abundant energy and thus it can serve as dampers like natural rubbers. Since Metal Rubber components are prepared by compression moulding, various complex shapes of dampers can be produced conveniently to fulfill large optical telescope's noise and vibrations attenuating tasks. Based on the Metal Rubber component's four preparation approaches, helix-making, planar roughcast-weaving, planar roughcast-rolling and 3D roughcast punching, a ring-shaped 3D parametrical numerical model is founded by CAD technology. Definitely, this modeling research work may support the optimization of the current trial and try preparation of MR component and it will provide necessary foundations for its further application in noise and vibrations attenuating system in large optical telescopes.

Optimizing directly the system performance metric is an important method for correcting wave-front distortions in adaptive optics (AO) systems. In extended object imaging, some classical image quality metrics are often used as system performance evaluation function, which is the optimized object of the control algorithm. But those metrics do not consider the existence of imaging noise. Practically, the observed object images are degraded not only by the atmospheric turbulence but also imaging system noise. The noise in image will affect the value of image quality criteria and further affect the correction capability of AO system. An AO system with Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent (SPGD) algorithm and a 61-element deformable mirror is simulated to restore the image of a turbulence-degraded extended object and the gray level variance function acted the optimized object by control algorithm. The analysis results show that the correction capability is affected severely when the turbulence strength is relatively big (D/r0<10). This paper presents a method that the observed image is processed by the bilateral filter before the system performance metric is calculated, so that the effect of noise on the system performance metric can be mitigated. Numerical simulation results verify the method is effective and the image quality based on AO technique and the bilateral filter is much better than that of only using AO technique.

The optical fiber sensor based on wavelength demodulation such as fiber Bragg grating(FBG), with merits of immunity to electromagnetic interference, low drift and high precision, has been widely used in many areas, such as structural health monitoring and smart materials, and the wavelength demodulation system was also studied widely. In the paper, a weighing system based on FBG was studied. The optical source is broadband Erbium-doped fiber ring laser with a spectral range of 1500~1600nm and optical power of 2mW; A Fabry-Perot Etalon with orientation precision of 1pm was adopted as real-time wavelength calibration for the swept laser; and multichannel high resolution simultaneous sampling card was used in the system to acquire sensing signals simultaneously, thus high-resolution and real-time calibration of sweep-wavelength can be achieved. The FBG was adhered to a cantilever beam and the Bragg wavelength was demodulated with the system. The weighing system was done after calibrated with standard weight. Experimental results show that the resolution of the weighing system is 0.5 g with a full scale of 2Kg.

We first proposed and demonstrated a distributed fiber sensor with high spatial resolution for detecting and locating distributed stress. The sensor system consists of a section polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) and an optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR). The PMF used as sensing element and the polarization mode coupling loss in PM fiber resulting from the external stress would produce. Through monitoring the backscattered light with the distributed polarization mode coupling loss along the PMF under test, the distributed fiber optic stress sensor based on polarizationsensitive OFDR (P-OFDR) was obtained. In our experiment, a tunable single frequency fiber ring laser with narrow linewidth was developed to act as scanning frequency light source, and then the P-OFDR system was structured. The fiber laser and the distributed fiber sensor system have been investigated experimentally in detail. The experimental results show that its spatial resolution is about 5cm, the sensitivity is less than -80dBm and the maximum dynamic range are about 70dB. With advantages of high spatial resolution, high sensitivity and large dynamic range due to extremely narrow linewidth and heterodyne detection, this distributed fiber optic stress sensor has a number of potential applications for smart structure, structural health monitoring, defense and security monitoring.

The high precision two-dimension scanning control technique is being developed for the next geosynchronous satellites FY-4 satellites which is using the three-axis stabilization stages. How to evaluate the point and scanning precision of the scanning mirror is one of the most important technologies. This paper describes the optoelectronic measure method based on CMOS sensors to evaluate the point and scanning precision of the scanning mirror in the laboratory, which is a 2-D dynamic angle measurement system. Some technologies, such as the sup-pixel orientation technology and the CMOS ROI technology, are used in the measurement system. The research shows that the angle measurement system based on IBIS-6600CMOS sensors can attain the 20°× 20° field of view, 2" accuracy, and 1Kframes/s speed. But the system is sensitive to the environment and it can only be worked in the laboratory.

Multi-barrier nano-thin films device is a new device based on the quantum tunneling effect. This kind of device has piezoresistive effect and the piezoresistive sensitivity is about one order than that of silicon piezoresistive device. Thin film device fabricated by using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has the advantages of small temperature drift compared with the doped devices. Comparing with the electrostatic comb-drive mode, the electromagnetic driving approach is not only with simple structure and easy to fabrication, but also can achieve large displacement-driven. These two methods applied to the study of gyroscope can improve the sensitivity in essence. In this paper, a novel gyroscope structure with folding-type orthogonal beams is designed which is not only meet the drive approach, but also meet the detection conditions. The nano thin films device and gyroscope structure are fabricated by the GaAs surface micromachining and GaAs bulk micromachining processes respectively. The preliminary measurement results prove that the gyroscope design is feasible.

The principles of incremental photoelectric encoders are: When a encoder disk rotates, (1)it will produce the pulse signal proportional to the angle; (2) it will also produce the sensing signal of identifying the rotation direction. The way that the existing incremental photoelectric encoders determine the rotation direction is: one encoder disk has 3 code channels: 'A', 'B' and 'Z'. On both 'A' and 'B' code channels, there are a number of evenly distributed grid holes, and they have the same cycle, but with one quarter cycle difference in phase between channel 'A' and 'B'. When disk rotates clockwise, signal phase from 'A' channel is a quarter cycle ahead of that from 'B'; Similarly, when disk rotates counterclockwise, 'B' signal phase will be a quarter cycle ahead of 'A'. Based on the above phenomena, a circuit can identify the rotation direction, which is known as 'Kam-Phase Method'. The mechanism of the new direction recognition method is: When the encoder disk rotates , it continuously generates three kinds of state binary information sequentially. These three states are defined as state 1, state 2, state 3. While rotating clockwise, the state changes in the order of state 1, state 2, state 3, state 1.....; While rotating counterclockwise, the state changes in the sequence of state 1, state 3, state 2, state 1..... The new theory differentiate the digitized state changing sequence between the clockwise and counter clockwise to determine the rotation direction.This method is called as 'Digital Method'. The advantages of applying the digital method for the rotation direction determination in incremental photoelectric encoder are: the code channel structure is simpler and there is no accumulative errors and so on.

For the shortcoming of a large number of computational complexity and time consuming of traditional Spatio-Temporal Fusion Segmentation Algorithm, an automatic video object segmentation algorithm based on the Spatio-Temporal Fusion in wavelet domain is proposed. The temporal segmentation in wavelet domain, firstly, wavelet transforms adjacent 3 frame image and uses a sub-band bi-directional difference method, then makes the two differential images fuse. In the low-frequency sub-band, choose options for integration strategies or a weighted average fusion strategy by setting the matching threshold; In the high-frequency sub-band, using the pixel that has the larger absolute value Strategy, which can enhance the edge information of the image and derive more movable information. Secondly, the spatial segmentation performs the improved watershed segmentation algorithm with the gradient and combination of internal and external constraints watershed segmentation algorithm in wavelet domain to resolve the issue of over-segmentation. Meanwhile, mark and extract sub-block segmentation region as the spatial segmentation template of the wavelet domain. The spatio-temporal fusion segmentation template in wavelet sub-band can be derived by mapping the spatial segmentation to the temporal one, statistics the probability of '1', which is belong to video object region (compose of '0' and '1') and then making them fusion in wavelet domain. Then after 'and' operation with the current frame and wavelet reverse transform, the outcome of the final segmentation is derived. The experimental results have shown that the method has a good result, i.e. the rooms' numbers of the improved spatial segmentation are 2~3 times less than traditional method, the processing speed is 8~9 times advanced averagely for each frame and the computational complexity of template operation is greatly reduced.

A far-infrared interferometer which can test ground surface is presented. Both theoretic analyses and experimental results show that the interferometer has the accuracy of λ/100 (RMS). This accuracy is able to meet the requirement of grinding primary mirror. In addition, the design and system performance of the infrared system is presented.