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This paper discusses the use of an integrating sphere in a comparison technique to calibrate hard targets. Real targets do not completely depolarize the incident laser radiation. The directional-hemispherical, conical-hemispherical, and bihemispherical reflectance of a real target is a (4x4) matrix. This matrix can be only be measured if the walls of the integrating sphere do not completely depolarize the incident radiation on the first strike. The best method to measure the monostatic reflectance of a target is via a direct measurement.
Richard Anderson
"A Correct Polarization Technique To Calibrate Hard Targets For Coherent Lidar Systems", Proc. SPIE 1181, 5th Conf on Coherent Laser Radar: Technology and Applications, (12 December 1989); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.963776
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Richard Anderson, "A Correct Polarization Technique To Calibrate Hard Targets For Coherent Lidar Systems," Proc. SPIE 1181, 5th Conf on Coherent Laser Radar: Technology and Applications, (12 December 1989); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.963776