Optical frequency combs based on quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are promising broadband light sources in the mid-infrared and terahertz spectral regions. Their bandwidths are limited by two main parameters: dispersion, which originates from variation in the group velocity, and diffusion, which originates from variation in the gain. While dispersion has been extensively engineered, diffusion shaping has been elusive. We show that the addition of carefully engineered diffusive loss can enhance the bandwidth of QCL combs, demonstrating theoretically and experimentally that adding resonant loss to the cavity of a terahertz QCL can counteract the diffusive effect of the gain medium and allow broader bandwidth combs to form. Our results give a new degree of freedom for the creation of active chip-scale combs and can be applied to a wide array of cavity geometries and comb systems.
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