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Customs investigation and drug enforcement services are interest in a rapid and reliable identification of smugglers and dealers. In contrast workplace testing and traffic controls are aiming at the detection of intoxicated persons via the determination of illegal narcotics in body fluids like urine or blood. DRUGWIPE is a pen size, test strip based immunochemical detector for narcotic contaminations on surfaces. It is extremely simple to apply and takes about two minutes to read test results without depending upon any further technical means. This paper describes the applicability of DRUGWIPE to identify drug smugglers or dealers as well as consumers. With respect to the situation and the initial suspicion the test indicates handling as well as consumption. In cooperation with the Institute for Legal Medicine in Munich suspicious drivers were examined with DRUGWIPE for the abuse of illegal narcotics. Test results from this test series are presented and compared with the results from the blood or urine analysis. The question whether the detected traces of illegal narcotics on the body surface of suspicious drivers are combing transpiration or external contamination are discussed.
Franz Aberl,Johannes Bonenberger,Ralf-Peter Berg,Rudolph Zimmermann, andHans Wolfgang Sachs
"Traces of illegal drugs on body surfaces: indicator for consumption or dealing?", Proc. SPIE 2932, Human Detection and Positive Identification: Methods and Technologies, (28 January 1997); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.265385
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Franz Aberl, Johannes Bonenberger, Ralf-Peter Berg, Rudolph Zimmermann, Hans Wolfgang Sachs, "Traces of illegal drugs on body surfaces: indicator for consumption or dealing?," Proc. SPIE 2932, Human Detection and Positive Identification: Methods and Technologies, (28 January 1997); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.265385