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We start from Kukhtarav equations and Gauss's law which describe the photorefrective effect in a photorrefractive medium in which electroncs are the sole charge carries, plus the wave equation for the slowly varying amplitude of the optical field , In steady state and two dimensions the distributions of the nonlinear refractive index in a photorefective cystals under the conditions of supporting low intensity spatial solitons are studied theoretically. It is shown that steady state spatial bright solitons of TEMn0(n=2,2,3...)modes and modulated TEMn0 mode Gaussian waveform can form and induce planar array waveguides in photorefractive crystal.
Jifang Liu,Haiyang Liu,Manli Hu, andYulin Li
"Light-induced array waveguide in photorefractive crystal", Proc. SPIE 4603, Fiber Optics and Optoelectronics for Network Applications, (16 October 2001); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.444567
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