A data fusion approach to indications and warnings of terrorist attacks

David McDaniel; Gregory Schaefer

doi:10.1117/12.2050501

22 May 2014 A data fusion approach to indications and warnings of terrorist attacks

David McDaniel, Gregory Schaefer

Proceedings Volume 9122, Next-Generation Analyst II; 912204 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2050501
Event: SPIE Sensing Technology + Applications, 2014, Baltimore, MD, United States

Abstract

Indications and Warning (I&W) of terrorist attacks, particularly IED attacks, require detection of networks of agents and patterns of behavior. Social Network Analysis tries to detect a network; activity analysis tries to detect anomalous activities. This work builds on both to detect elements of an activity model of terrorist attack activity – the agents, resources, networks, and behaviors. The activity model is expressed as RDF triples statements where the tuple positions are elements or subsets of a formal ontology for activity models. The advantage of a model is that elements are interdependent and evidence for or against one will influence others so that there is a multiplier effect. The advantage of the formality is that detection could occur hierarchically, that is, at different levels of abstraction. The model matching is expressed as a likelihood ratio between input text and the model triples. The likelihood ratio is designed to be analogous to track correlation likelihood ratios common in JDL fusion level 1. This required development of a semantic distance metric for positive and null hypotheses as well as for complex objects. The metric uses the Web 1Terabype database of one to five gram frequencies for priors. This size requires the use of big data technologies so a Hadoop cluster is used in conjunction with OpenNLP natural language and Mahout clustering software. Distributed data fusion Map Reduce jobs distribute parts of the data fusion problem to the Hadoop nodes. For the purposes of this initial testing, open source models and text inputs of similar complexity to terrorist events were used as surrogates for the intended counter-terrorist application.

Citation Download Citation

David McDaniel and Gregory Schaefer "A data fusion approach to indications and warnings of terrorist attacks", Proc. SPIE 9122, Next-Generation Analyst II, 912204 (22 May 2014); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2050501

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KEYWORDS

Databases

Data fusion

Data modeling

Synthetic aperture radar

Data acquisition

Data processing

Data storage

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