Results of the experimental studies of soot aerosol with the help of land-based, aviation-based, space and satellite techniques, having led to the formulation of the gravito-photophoretic hypothesis to explain the vertical transport and stratification of aerosol in the stratosphere and mesosphere are discussed. Gravito-photophoretic effect allows us to explain the results of soot aerosol studies in the stratosphere, uprise of soot aerosol after pyrocumulus emissions in the stratosphere, results of lidar and space observations of aerosol in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. Development of the methods for modeling photophoretic phenomena is discussed, from the simplest tasks to elaboration of methods and algorithms of solving Boltzmann equations for aerosol clusters on the basis of Monte Carlo methods. Disputable questions connected with gravito-photophoresis are considered.
Numerous wildfire events were detected in summer 2019 in Siberia and in Canada. Lidar observations in Tomsk in August 2019 revealed strong layers of aerosol scattering in the lower stratosphere. Results of the calculation of backward trajectories of air masses and relevant analysis are presented, involving the satellite radiometric data on fire events along with the data from the CALIOP space lidar on the aerosol. It is demonstrated that the observed aerosol layers originated from the pyrocumulus emissions arising from forest fire events in Siberia and Canada.
Some peaks of aerosol scattering have been observed by the lidar in the stratosphere over Tomsk in August and December 2017. Using the results of air mass trajectory calculations and the satellite data on the air mass temperature along these trajectories, it have been concluded that the aerosol observed in August 2017 was of a volcanic origin (Shiveluch volcano, Kamchatka), and the aerosol observed in December 2017 represented the polar stratospheric clouds.
The Lagrangian particle trajectories method has been used to analyze the transport of volcanic aerosol in the atmosphere after the eruptions of Grimsvötn and Nabro volcanoes in the summer of 2011. After the Grimsvötn volcano eruption it was impossible to distinguish the volcanic aerosol appearance from the background aerosol over Tomsk and Vladivostok by the lidar observations. At that time there was a strong horizontal mixing in the atmosphere of the Northern Hemisphere, associated with the polar vortex disintegration. The Nabro volcanic aerosol was clearly manifested by the aerosol scattering peaks above Vladivostok and Tomsk.
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