Recent advances in sensing are empowering the deployment of inexpensive dense sensor networks (DSNs) to conduct structural health monitoring (SHM) on large-scale structural and mechanical systems. There is a need to develop methodologies to facilitate the validation of these DSNs. Such methodologies could yield better designs of DSNs, enabling faster and more accurate monitoring of states for enhancing SHM. This paper investigates a model-assisted approach to validate a DSN of strain gauges under uncertainty. First, an approximate physical representation of the system, termed the physics-driven surrogate, is created based on the sensor network configuration. The representation consists of a state-space model, coupled with an adaptive mechanism based on sliding mode theory, to update the stiffness matrix to best match the measured responses, assuming knowledge of the mass matrix and damping parameters. Second, the physics-driven surrogate model is used to conduct a series of numerical simulations to map damages of interest to relevant features extracted from the synthetic signals that integrate uncertainties propagating through the physical representation. The capacity of the algorithm at detecting and localizing damages is quantified through probability of detection (POD) maps. It follows that such POD maps provide a direct quantification of the DSNs’ capability at conducting its SHM task. The proposed approach is demonstrated using numerical simulations on a cantilevered plate elastically restrained at the root equipped with strain gauges, where the damage of interest is a change in the root’s bending rigidity.
Condition assessment of civil infrastructures is difficult due to technical and economic constraints associated with the scaling of sensing solutions. When scaled appropriately, a large sensor network will collect a vast amount of rich data that is difficult to directly link to the existing condition of the structure along with its remaining useful life. This paper presents a methodology to construct a surrogate model enabling diagnostic of structural components equipped with a dense sensor network collecting strain data. The surrogate model, developed as a matrix of discrete stiffness elements, is used to fuse spatial strain data into useful model parameters. Here, strain data is collected from a sensor network that consists of a novel sensing skin fabricated from large area electronics. The surrogate model is constructed by updating the stiffness matrix to minimize the difference between the model’s response and measured data, yielding a 2D map of stiffness reduction parameters. The proposed method is numerically validated on a plate equipped with 40 large area strain sensors. Results demonstrate the suitability of the proposed surrogate model for the condition assessment of structures using a dense sensor network.
A structural system consists of gravity and lateral load resisting components. Structural walls in the gravity system are
typically designed to resist vertical loads only, and are assumed to be inactive to mitigate lateral loads. In this paper, we
propose a novel multifunctional wall system, which is embedded with multiple-capillaries containing free-flowing fluids
and can act as both a load carrying member and a Tuned Liquid Wall Damper (TLWD). Functioning similarly to a
Tuned Liquid Column Damper (TLCD), the damping force of the proposed wall system is provided by the head loss of
the fluid between each capillary. An analytical model is derived first to describe the dynamic behavior of the TLWD.
The accuracy of the analytical model is verified using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The model is
further used to compute the reduced response of an assumed primary structure attached with a TLWD to demonstrate the
damping capability. Results show that TLWDs can effectively dissipate energy while occupying much less space in
buildings compared to TLCDs.
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