Benefitting from properties including high sensitivity, high resolution, immunity to electromagnetic interference and remote sensing ability, optical-grating-based displacement measuring technologies have been widely used in many fields such as semiconductor manufacturing, precision machining, microscopic techniques and photolithography recently. In this work, high-resolution displacement measuring is demonstrated with an ultracompact structure consist of only a few optical components by using self-interference effect of a single nanograting. The resolution is demonstrated to be as low as 0.1-nm level. This method shows great potential in developing miniaturized high-resolution displacement devices and systems, which are highly demanded for future integrated high-precision machinery manufacturing systems.
We demonstrate a method based on transverse second harmonic generation (TSHG) for in-situ modal inspection of single nonlinear micro/nanowaveguide. CdS nanobelts (NBs) with width of several micrometers and length of a few hundred micrometers are synthesized by a thermal evaporation process. Transverse second harmonic (TSH) signal is observed as pumping light coupled inside a single CdS NB from both ends simultaneously. As a result of multimode interference, periodic interference patterns are observed along the whole NB. The influence of multimode interaction on TSHG effect inside single nonlinear micro/nanowaveguide is studied both theoretically and experimentally. Using fast Fourier transform (FFT), the TSH patterns are analyzed. The results indicate several particular modes inside the NB, which is in great well with calculated results. The method can be in principle operated in varieties of nonlinear micro/nanowavegudies including ZnO, CdS, CdTe, GaAs and LiNbO3.
Optical spectral broadening induced by self-phase modulation (SPM) in single CdTe nanowires is measured. A significant spectral broadening of about 10 nm is observed using ps near-infrared (NIR) pulses with coupled peak power of a dozen W. Benefiting from the large effective nonlinearity and refractive index of these nanowires, the necessary propagating length goes down to several hundred μms. A relatively large nonlinear-index coefficient (n2) more than 1×10-17 m2 /W is obtained from transmission spectra experimentally within measured spectral region, which suggest great possibility for these nanowires in developing ultracompact nonlinear optical devices.
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