We investigate the orbital angular momentum mixing in frequency up-conversion with structured light beams. Phase and polarization vortex beams are coupled in noncollinear second harmonic generation under type-II phase matching. The spatial properties of the second harmonic beam are shaped by the combined features of the input beams. This effect creates a spin-orbit crosstalk allowing for angular momentum transfer between the two degrees of freedom. The information transfer between photonic degrees of freedom encoded on different wavelengths can be useful for connecting different physical platforms in quantum information protocols.
Ghost imaging systems use down-conversion sources that produce twin output beams of position-correlated photons to produce an image of an object using photons that did not interact with the object. One of these beams illuminates the object and is detected by a single pixel detector while the image information is recovered from the second, spatially correlated, beam. We utilize this technique to obtain images of objects probed with 1.5μm photons whilst developing the image using a highly efficient, low-noise, photon-counting camera detecting the correlated photons at 460nm. The efficient transfer of the image information from infrared illumination to visible detection wavelengths and the ability to count single-photons allows the acquisition of an image while illuminating the object with an optical power density of only 100 pJ cm-2 s-1. We apply image reconstruction techniques based on compressive sensing to reconstruct our images from data sets containing far fewer photons than conventionally required. This wavelength-transforming ghost imaging technique has potential for the imaging of light-sensitive specimens or where covert operation is desired.
How many photons does it take to form an image? Although a single photon can be spatially encoded to carry large amounts of information, real images are not fully orthogonal to each other and hence, realistically, require many detected photons to distinguish between them. Even if one has access to a pixelated imaging detector with high quantum efficiency, the fidelity of a recorded, or inferred, image depends critically upon the dark counts from the detector. Here we present imaging using heralded single-photons and a time-gated intensified camera to all but eliminate noise-events, and record images of a standard test-target. The images are formed from only a few thousand photons and are therefore subject to a noise inherent within the Poissonian distribution of single-photon events. We apply techniques of compressive sensing and image regularization to obtain good estimates of the object, obtained for ultra-low optical exposures.
Using an electron multiplying CCD camera we observe both image plane (position) and far field (momentum) correlations between photon pairs produced from spontaneous parametric down-conversion when using a 201 x 201 bi-dimensional array of pixels and a flux of around 0.02 photons/pixel. After background subtraction we characterize the strength of signal and idler correlations in both transverse dimensions by applying entanglement and EPR criteria, showing good agreement with the theoretical predictions. The application of such devices in quantum optics could have a wide range, including quantum computation with spatial degrees of freedom of single photons.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.