A novel peanut-shape fiber structure which can realize the coupling and re-coupling between the fiber core mode
and the cladding modes is proposed in this paper. Based on the peanut-shape structure, two kinds of simple and
low-cost interferometers are fabricated in single-mode fiber (SMF). Experimental results show that the temperature
sensitivities of the Mach-Zehnder and Michelson interferometers were ~46.8pm/°C and ~0.096 nm/°C, respectively.
In particular, the Michelson interferometer could be heated up to 900°C, which is suitable for the high temperature
sensing applications.
We report the fabrication of a highly sensitive refractive-index sensor based on three cascaded single-mode fiber tapers,
in which a weak taper is sandwiched between the two tapers to improve the sensitivity of the sensor. Experimental
results show that the sensitivity of the device is 0.286 nm for a 0.01 RI change, which is about eleven times higher than
that of the normal two cascaded tapers MZ interferometer. Such kind of low-cost and highly sensitive fiber-optic
refractive index sensors will find applications in chemical or bio-chemical sensing fields.
Two kinds of novel in-line all-fiber interferometers, including tip Farby-Perot interferometer and compact Mach-Zehnder
interferometer, are proposed and demonstrated by automatically fusion splicing a short section of hollow fiber to the end
of a single-mode fiber (SMF) and sandwiching a section of hollow fiber in two section of SMF with a tiny intentional
lateral offset that induces the optical path difference (OPD) required to form the two interferometers, respectively.
Temperature responses of both the two interferometers are studied experimentally. It is anticipated that such an easy
making, compact and low cost fiber-optic interferometers could find important applications in practice.
Spatial-frequency division multiplexing (SFDM)/coarse-wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) of
in-line fiber-optic etalon (ILFE) strain sensors, formed by a section of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber
(HCPCF), is reported in this paper, for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Due to the low thermal
expansion coefficient of HCPCF, such a strain sensor is much less sensitive to temperature change
compared with conventional ILFE sensors. In the meanwhile, as the transmission loss of HCPCF is very
low, the cavity length of the HCPCF sensor can be much longer than existing ILFEs, making it ideal for
use in SFDM and offering great potential to realize multiplexing of a very large number of ILFE sensors.
A SFDM/CWDM system with four HCPCF-based ILFE strain sensors is demonstrated and the
experimental results show that a strain accuracy of ±5 can be achieved.
A novel fiber-optic in-line etalon is proposed and demonstrated, formed by splicing a section of hollow-core photonic
crystal fiber (HCPCF) in between two single-mode fibers, for the first time to our knowledge. Such a HCPCF-based
etalon acts as an excellent optical waveguide to form a Fabry-Perot interferometer and hence allows the cavity length to
be as long as several centimeters with good visibility as the transmission loss of the HCPCF is much smaller than that of
a hollow core fiber, this offers great potential to generate a practical dense fiber-optic sensor network with
spatial-frequency division-multiplexing. This novel etalon is demonstrated for strain measurement and the experimental
results show that a good visibility of 0.3 and a strain accuracy of better than ±5με are achieved.
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