The asymmetry of freight information between supply and demand leads to the existence of partially unutilized or inadequate and inefficient transport capacity in the railway transport network. With the rapid information propagating, the demand selection between the Origin-Destination (OD) supply chain has changed, which causes dramatic shifts in traffic over time and space. This change will also spread with the railway networks and eventually form an Unstable Freight (USF) which seriously impacts the planning and operation organization of railway transportation. This study constructs the dynamic USF networks first, then identifies the key stations and extracts the connectivity and stability of the network by using a complex topology network tool. A simulation model is established to capture the diffusion phenomenon and identify the propagation mechanism. Taking China's chemical freight as a case, the results identified the key stations and ODs that led to the imbalance of freight supply and demand and determined the diffusion characteristics of unstable freight. The data show that the chemicals USF network lacks self-regulation (with a high propagation rate γ =0.77) and recovery ability (low recovery rate β =0.42) in China compared with the average ( γ =0.5767 and β =0.5756). These provide technical support for predicting the change in railway freight demand and rational allocation of transportation resources and give a decision-making basis for government departments to balance the market, reduce logistics costs and protect the environment.
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